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الثلاثاء، 27 مارس 2018

Looking beyond Cash Isas

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When it comes to Isa savings the vast majority of us prefer to invest in cash rather than in stocks and shares.

Statistics from HMRC show that £39 billion was deposited in Cash Isas in the 2016/17 tax year compared to just £22 billion in investment (also known as Stocks and Shares) Isas.

But, with interest rates on Cash Isas pitiful, is it time we looked beyond the easiest option in order to make our savings work harder?

If you are looking for a Cash ISA to save in at the moment, the best possible interest rate you can get is 2.25%, and to get that you need to lock your money away for five years. But, if you look at alternative Isa options you could more than double that return. Of course, this does mean being comfortable increasing the level of risk too. 

Invest in the stock market and you might get a return of 7.5% - that’s how much the FTSE 100 has risen by over the past five years). Look beyond the FTSE 100, and there are investments you can hold within your Isa that are offering even bigger returns. For example, a small cap fund such as, Marlborough UK Micro-Cap Growth Fund – a Moneywise First 50 funds for beginner investors – has delivered 39% (discrete) growth over the past five years.

A spokesperson for financial provider Wellesley comments: “With Cash Isas no longer offering an edge over standard savings products, now is the time to consider testing out what Stocks and Shares Isa have to offer. Historically, Stocks and Share Isas have outperformed Cash Isas when it comes to offering a more attractive rate of return, and this is not expected to change any time soon.

“Stocks and Shares Isas can also enable you to grow your portfolio at a faster rate, in addition to offering access to alternative investment opportunities. The end result? You should achieve a higher rate of return and a more diversified portfolio.”

Another option is to open in Innovative Finance Isa. These allow you to hold peer-to-peer investments in an Isa wrapper, so your returns are tax-free. Numerous providers now offer IF Isas with returns of up to 16% available.

How to utilise a Stocks and Shares Isa

It’s a good idea to always keep some of your savings in cash, that way if there is an emergency you can easily access your nest egg. But, it isn’t a wise strategy to leave too much of your savings in cash, as it could be earning you a better return elsewhere, especially if you can afford to lock it away for a while.

“Everybody should keep some money aside in accessible cash savings,” says Patrick Connolly, a certified financial planner at Chase de Vere. “Stocks and shares Isas are the choice for most long-term investors. There are a wide range of stocks and shares investment options and through the use of platforms, many different funds and asset classes can be held within the same Isa if required.”

If you are considering putting your money into an investment ISA then your first aim may be to build an investment portfolio that offers you better returns than available on cash savings, but with minimal risk. This is what Sarah Coles, a personal finance analyst at Hargreaves Lansdown, calls the “vanilla core of a portfolio”.

“For most people, the right Isa strategy is a plain vanilla one. It’s important to build up a sensible core of mainstream funds, designed to grow over time without taking excessive risk.”

This may be an investment portfolio of government bonds, corporate bonds, and funds investing in blue-chip stocks.

“However, investors who have already established the plain vanilla core of their portfolio, might want to add more exotic options with the potential to grow at quite a lick,” says Mrs Coles. “Of course, this comes with additional risk, which is only going to work for investors with more adventurous tastes, and for those with an investment horizon of at least 10 years.”

Many people don’t realise just how broad the range of assets is that you can hold within an investment Isa. Alongside, bonds and FTSE funds you can also hold shares from any recognised global stock market, including AIM (Alternative Investment Market), and exchange traded funds (ETFs) which track particular markets, commodities, assets or currencies. This means you can gain exposure to small companies, precious metals and foreign currencies all with the tax-efficient benefits of an Isa.

“There are plenty of adventurous options for those who are prepared to take more risk,” says Mrs Coles who suggests you could gain exposure to the growth potential of emerging markets with the JPM Emerging Markets fund. You could also opt to hold some smaller companies with the potential for faster growth.

How IF Isas work

But it isn’t just investment Isas that offer potentially greater tax-efficient returns than the nation’s favourite Cash Isas. You could also consider investing in an Innovative Finance Isa (IF ISA). These allow you to put your money into peer-to-peer investments within the tax-efficient wrapper of an Isa.

“Stocks and shares Isas can be especially volatile, as illustrated by the recent tumble in global markets which saw the worst fall in value for six years,” says Andrew Lawson, chief product officer at peer-to-peer platform Zopa. “While Cash Isas offer security but low returns in the current savings environment.”

As such, an IF Isa can be seen as a half-way ground, in terms of risk, between an investment Isa and a Cash Isa.

“IF Isas offer a great option for anyone looking to boost their Isa returns by investing in assets with potentially higher returns than cash, but without the volatility of shares,” says Rhydian Lewis, chief executive and founder of peer-to-peer platform Ratesetter.

Anyone thinking of investing in an IF Isa does need to be cautious though. Firms offering them have to be regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority, but they aren’t covered by the Financial Services Compensation Scheme. This means if the firm goes bust you may not get your money back.

Since the introduction of IF Isas numerous companies have jumped on the band wagon offering very alluring rates of interest of up to 16% a year in some cases. But, remember the rule of investing - the higher the return the higher the risk. With an IF Isa you are lending your money and there is always a chance that either the borrower won’t repay your money or the company you are lending it through could go belly up.

So, be cautious and do your research before investing in an IF Isa.

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Moneywise Investment Trust Awards 2018

Moneywise Investment Trust Awards 2018

Whether you are a building a nest egg for a child or grandchild or saving for your own future, an investment trust could be right for you. We’ve picked this year’s winners, focusing on trusts that perform consistently well.

An investment trust can be a great way of accessing a diversified portfolio of shares, managed by an expert, at low cost.

Unlike conventional open-ended funds, investment trusts are able to use ‘gearing’; that is, they are able to borrow money to invest. Although this ability is not without risk, it can substantially boost returns in rising markets and reward long-term investors.

Likewise, the fact they can hold back 15% of their dividends during strong years to smooth returns over time means they can be a sensible alternative to open-ended funds for those investors who want a rising income from their investments.

But, just as with funds, the choices can be baffling, with trusts investing in shares, property, debt, private equity and cash. Some trusts focus on the UK, while others invest globally or in specific geographic regions or themes.

This is where the Moneywise Investment Trust Awards can help. We’ve teamed up with data provider Morningstar and a panel of expert judges to hand-pick the best investment trusts across a range of popular sectors. We haven’t just selected those trusts that have performed well over the past year or so, rather we have highlighted those that have proved they can perform consistently well and have the resources in place to carry on doing a good job for their investors.

UK All Companies

“UK equity funds were widely shunned by investors last year, largely down to current political uncertainties and gloomy forecasts for the domestic economy,” says Jason Hollands, judge and managing director at online investment service Best Invest and at Tilney wealth management group.

“Despite this, trusts delivered sound returns, especially those with high exposure to mid-cap stocks. If the UK economy continues to defy economist’s forecasts and a sensible future accommodation on trade is reached with the EU, UK equities could well turn out to be a wild-card performer.”

Our judges’ stand-out trust is Fidelity Special Values, which takes the award for the second year on the bounce.

David Holder, judge and senior analyst at investment research firm Morningstar, says: “Manager Alex Wright has been running this well-defined strategy for over five years and has produced good results. This is truly an all-cap fund, with a significant allocation to small caps and mid caps relative to the FTSE All-Share Index, something that clearly plays to Mr Wright’s strengths.”

The runner-up this year is the Mercantile Investment Trust.

“Mercantile is a UK equity trust with a difference,” says Mr Hollands. “It  specifically invests outside the FTSE 100 to focus on medium- and smaller- sized companies. Managers Martin Hudson and Guy Anderson of JP Morgan each run half of the portfolio, which together leads to a highly diversified portfolio of over 120 holdings.”

UK Equity and Bond Income

This is a very small sector, but it can be a useful one for those investors seeking a mix of equities and bonds and who do not want to look overseas for that exposure.

Taking the award this year is the Acorn Income Fund. However, as its performance suggests (145% over five years), investors should not regard this as a low-risk option. Bonds are not a major constituent of the fund, and its impressive returns have been driven by riskier stocks.

Mr Hollands explains: “Acorn Income provides access to a hybrid portfolio of UK equities and bonds, with the equity portfolio currently representing 80% of assets. This is managed by the boutique fund group Unicorn Asset Management, which has a particular expertise in smaller companies investing and this is reflected in the underlying  portfolio. The fixed-income (bond) assets are managed by Premier Asset Management.”

Henderson High Income, which has been the winner for the past two years, is highly commended this time around and offers more diversified equity exposure with investments in well-known and smaller companies.

Dzmitry Lipski, investment analyst at platform Interactive Investor (Moneywise’s parent company), says: “The trust has been managed by David Smith since July 2015 and supported by head of equities Alex Crooke, part of the experienced global equity-income team at Henderson.

“The trust aims to provide a high income from a diversified portfolio of predominantly well-known UK and smaller-cap companies, but also from bonds if desired. Typically, over the longer term, they have 80% in equities and 20% in bonds and can move this allocation depending on the manager’s view on an economic cycle position.

The manager invests in companies with robust balance sheets and low debt that can sustain growing dividends. The trust has a dividend yield of 5%, and the payout grew on average by almost 3% over the past five years. 

“It has delivered strong returns over the longer term with higher-than-average yield, earning a reputation as a ‘steady Eddie’ of the sector. The flexibility to switch between bonds and equities is the reason the trust performed better than its peers during market downturns as it was able to allocate far higher amounts to bonds, which in turn attracted investors in search of the added security this offered. It’s worth knowing that last year Threadneedle UK Select Trust was merged into the Henderson High Income Trust. Under the terms of the merger, Threadneedle Trust was reconstructed and wound up, while shareholders had the option to receive either cash distributions or roll over into Henderson Trust.”

UK Equity Income

With returns on savings and gilt yields remaining low, equity income is an obvious choice for people who need to generate an income from their investments.

However, the sector can be a good choice for growth-focused investors too, as Mr Hollands explains: “The UK remains unrivalled among global equity markets for yield, with a long-standing emphasis on dividends. In fact, nearly all of the real return from UK equities over the long term has come from dividends and dividend reinvestment, so investment in equity income trusts makes a great cornerstone component of a portfolio.”

Both winning and highly commended funds in this category seek to offer investors the best of both worlds. Our winner – for the eighth consecutive year – is Finsbury Growth and Income**.

Mr Hollands says: “In common with other portfolios Nick Train manages, it pursues a long-term ‘buy and hold’ investment approach to backing a concentrated portfolio of around 40 high-quality companies. Consumer brands are the major theme of the portfolio with sizeable positions in the likes of Guinness owner Diageo and Unilever, whose vast range of brands spans tea, detergents and ice cream. It also holds Burberry, Heineken and Cadbury’s owner Mondelez.”

However, Mr Connolly points out that as it’s a growth-oriented trust, its yield will not be as high as its peers in the sector.

Our runner-up is Lowland, managed by James Henderson since 1990, which also tempts investors with growth and income.

Mr Holder says: “The approach is not simply to focus upon the income component of the portfolio but to aggressively grow the capital, as a larger base should allow for significant dividend growth. The preferred area of investment is small companies, but it also holds larger companies to balance this bias.”

UK Smaller Companies

Mr Lipski says: “Small-cap equities have strongly outperformed large-cap equities since the financial crisis. This outperformance is mainly attributed to the fact that smaller equities are typically under-researched, under-invested and less efficient than the market for large caps.”  

However, while he thinks the sector could yield superior returns over the long term, Brexit negotiations and our imminent departure from the EU do pose a risk in the near term. As such, potential investors should not be swayed too heavily by impressive returns and must take heed of the inherent risks associated with the sector.

For the third year in a row, the judges picked Henderson Smaller Companies**.

“This is an unconstrained stock-picking fund, which is run by an experienced manager in Neil Hermon, who has been at the helm for 15 years,” explains Mr Connolly. “This is a high-risk sector, especially with a smooth running of the Brexit process far from assured, but stock market volatility can also create opportunities for good-quality managers such as Mr Hermon.”

BlackRock Smaller Companies takes the highly commended prize for the second consecutive year.

Mr Lipski says: “This trust has been run by the highly experienced UK smaller companies manager, Mike Prentis, since 2002. He invests in smaller companies able to deliver sustained growth with good-quality management. Returns since 2002 have been excellent, with substantial outperformance of the index and its peers.”

Property Direct UK

“This is an eclectic sector encompassing specialist trusts focused on student accommodation to logistics and healthcare,” says Mr Holder.

As such, he suggests Moneywise readers get exposure to property in the first instance, using less niche trusts with a broader exposure to UK physical commercial property. Our winning trust is Picton Property Income**, which invests across a range of different property types.

Mr Lipski says: “The trust aims to provide an attractive level of income together with the potential for capital growth over the longer term. It owns a property portfolio in the south of England, consisting of 52 assets across the main commercial property sectors: office, industrial, retail, retail warehouse and leisure. Its performance has picked up impressively since it became a self-managed trust and changed its name in 2012 under new chief executive Michael Morris.”

Coming a close second is last year’s winner Standard Life Investments Property Income.

Mr Connolly says: “This is a diversified ‘bricks and mortar’ property fund from an experienced and well-resourced management team. It is a core diversified holding paying an attractive income and investing across industrial, office, warehouse and retail property. It should continue to provide consistent returns.”

Global

“These are halcyon days for global trusts, which have once again risen to prominence as ‘one-stop shop’ choices for smaller savers,” remarks Mr Hollands. “But it is those trusts taking a stock picking and unconstrained approach, rather than traditional asset allocation-driven portfolios, that have led the way.”

Competition was very tight in this category, which features a number of longstanding and very successful trusts, with the award going to the Monks Investment Trust (which is run by Baillie Gifford) for the first time.

Mr Holder says: “Charles Plowden and his deputies Malcolm MacColl and Spencer Adair, have managed this fund since March 2015 with a process honed since 2005. They attempt to identify companies that generate above-average earnings growth focusing on companies with competitive advantages and superior business models. In addition, fees are competitive.”

Scottish Mortgage**, which won the category last year, takes second place.

Commenting on the trust, which was launched in 1909, Mr Holder says: “While the name might conjure up the image of a conservative and traditional approach to investing, Scottish Mortgage is, in reality, a gung-ho investment portfolio, with a totally unconstrained ‘go anywhere’ approach to investing that is focused on high-growth companies from the US to China. Top holdings include Chinese internet giants Alibaba, Tencent and Baidu as well as pioneering US life science firm Illumina. The trust also has a sizeable holding in electric car manufacturer Tesla.”

Global Emerging Markets

An investment in a global emerging markets trust will get you exposure to regions including China, India, and Latin America. These markets are undoubtedly higher risk than their more developed counterparts, but for the long-term investor, Mr Hollands says they should not be overlooked.

“At a time when valuations looked stretched in many asset classes and part of the equity markets, global emerging markets shares are one notable pocket of value, trading below their long-term trend.”

He adds: “These export and trade-sensitive markets should also benefit strongly from the improved pace of global growth and so global emerging markets should be high on the radar as a potential area to invest in during 2018.”

Our winner for the second year in a row is JP Morgan Emerging Markets.

Mr Connolly says: “This fund benefits from one of the largest and best resourced emerging markets investment teams and is about as close as you are likely to get to a ‘sleep at night’ trust investing in this sector. It adopts a strong stock-picking process, which starts by asking the question: ‘Is this a business we want to own?’”

He’s also a fan of our runner-up, BlackRock Frontiers, but warns the nature of the countries it invests in – which are at an earlier stage of economic development – mean it’s not for the faint-hearted.

“This is the top-performing trust in the sector. However, it’s high risk and volatile, investing in frontier markets such as Argentina, Kuwait and Vietnam, where regulation, transparency and corporate governance is likely to be much lower than in the developed world. This trust has performed well, though investors can always expect a very bumpy ride.”

Europe

“Europe has returned to favour with many investors over the past year as the clouds of electoral anxieties have abated to a considerable degree. Growth has also picked up on the continent leading to a healthy pattern in earnings upgrades,” says Mr Hollands. However, there are headwinds. “In my view, European Central Bank policy is unnecessarily too accommodative and will need to tighten. Another key concern is the strength of the Euro, which threatens export competitiveness,” he adds.

There were two standout trusts in this category. Our winner is last year’s runner-up, Jupiter European Opportunities**.

Mr Connolly says: “Manager Alexander Darwall, who has been running this fund since 2000, is recognised as one of the premier European fund managers. His approach of investing in ‘world-beating companies’ that control their own destinies has resulted in a record of consistent outperformance. This trust remains an excellent choice for those who want exposure to good quality European companies.”

Coming in a very close second place is last year’s winner, Henderson Euro Trust.

Mr Lipski, says: “The trust is run by Tim Stevenson, who is considered one of the most experienced investors in European equities. He has proved himself as a highly skilled stock-picker – mainly in quality-growth companies held for the long term. As a result, the manager has achieved an outstanding long-term performance record on the fund, outperforming the benchmark 20 out of 25 years since its inception in 1992.”

Asia Pacific Ex Japan

“This is a potentially high-growth region where investors can achieve spectacular returns,” says Mr Connolly. “But this usually comes with a high degree of risk. Investors need to be wary that they don’t duplicate exposure if they are investing in Asia alongside emerging markets trusts, particularly as both may have their largest weighting in China.” 

Our award this year goes to Schroder Asia Pacific. Commenting on the trust, Mr Holder says: “Matthew Dobbs is a skilled and experienced investor, who has been running money since 1981, managing money since 1985 and this trust since launch in 1995. Mr Dobbs focuses on company fundamentals, rather than trying to make macro calls. And he can leverage off the substantial regional resource that Schroders has.”

Taking second place is Pacific Horizon. Mr Connolly says: “This is a genuine stock-picking trust, managed by Baillie Gifford, which has a strong and consistent long-term track record. The flexible approach adopted means that performance can be significantly different from the benchmark, although this has often worked in the favour of investors. This makes it an ideal choice for long-term regular premium investments.” 

North America and North American Smaller Companies

Mr Lipski says: “While US equities have delivered strong returns since the 2009 lows, continued economic and earnings growth mean US equities remain attractive to keep owning. Meanwhile, there is still hope of US fiscal policies, such as corporate tax cuts, which are likely to provide a substantial boost to corporate earnings.”

Our winner here is last year’s runner-up, JP Morgan American. Mr Holder says: “JP Morgan American is a sound choice for core US equity exposure. Fund manager Garrett Fish has been in charge here since 2002. He draws upon the extensive wider fund manager and analyst resource available to him at JP Morgan, using both fundamental analysis from the US equity team and outputs from the behavioural finance unit when picking stocks. Mr Fish looks for high-quality growth stocks and focuses heavily on cash flow and its deployment when assessing a company.”

JP Morgan’s US Smaller Companies investment trust is our runner-up in this category. Mr Hollands is a fan of the trust, which differs from many in the sector. 

“UK-based investors typically choose to access the US market through funds or trusts that focus on very large companies in the S&P 500 Index or through the prism of a global equity fund exposed to US-domiciled global players. JP Morgan US Smaller Companies Investment Trust offers something very different as it invests in micro-cap companies, which are typically in the $80 to $500 million size range,” he says.

“This provides investors with much greater exposure to US domestic facing stocks than more commonly held US funds and might therefore be considered by investors who want to participate in the strong US economic expansion which is under way, which should be further boosted by tax cuts, infrastructure spending, and rising wages.”

Investment trust group of the year

JP Morgan knocks Henderson off the top spot this year, after scooping up  awards in Global Emerging Markets and North America & North American Smaller Companies, as well as being shortlisted in five categories.

Commenting on our winner, Mr Connolly says of the group: “JP Morgan is a very well-resourced investment company, with strength in a wide range of areas, and it is committed to its investment trust products.

“Its track records are usually based on consistency, rather than ‘flash in the pan’ performance, so they should be well-placed to continue to perform well for investors in the future.”

* Source: Morningstar, as at 5 February 2018. All other data from Theaic.co.uk, 14 March 2018

** Denotes a Moneywise First 50 Fund member. For more information, visit Moneywise.co.uk/first-50-funds. 

METHODOLOGY

This year, our awards looked at 10 sectors: Asia Pacific Ex Japan, Europe, Global, Global Emerging Markets, North America & North American Smaller Companies, Property Direct UK, UK All Companies, UK Equity and Bond Income, UK Equity Income, and UK Smaller Companies.

Morningstar provided us with performance data over three, five and seven years (to 5 February 2018). Trusts were ranked on market return performance over three years. We aggregated performance over each period to calculate the top trusts in each sector. This helped us create shortlists of the top performing trusts which were sent to our panel of judges.

We asked our judges to vote for their top three judges in each sector taking into account suitability for Moneywise readers, risk, manager ability, investment strategy, consistency, prospects and pricing, as well as performance.

The shortlist for investment trust group of the year was based on the number of appearances each group made in the sector shortlists. Our judges then voted for their top two.

THE JUDGES:

Patrick Connolly, certified financial planner at IFA Chase de Vere

David Holder, senior analyst manager research at Morningstar

Jason Hollands, managing director at Best Invest (online investment service) and Tilney (wealth management group)

Dzmitry Lipski, investment analyst at Interactive Investor (Moneywise’s parent company)  

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Your cash countdown to Brexit

Your cash countdown to Brexit

With a year to go until the UK formally leaves the European Union, Moneywise investigates what you can expect and how you can protect your finances as we head out of Europe.

Brexit is officially one year away and the impact it is having, and will continue to have, on our financial lives is filling the pages of our newspapers and TV screens daily.

The ‘leave date’ set by Theresa May is 29 March 2019, with an expected transition period after this to prevent a ‘cliff-edge’ scenario for consumers and businesses. While that may seem some time away, it is important to start thinking about how you can deal with its impact on your finances.

Samantha Seaton, chief executive of spending and saving app Moneyhub, says: “Consumers are still feeling the pressure of rising prices, which have been going up since the EU referendum.  While wages’ increases are finally catching up, a lack of clarity around Brexit will leave consumers unsure about the economic outlook. Households should take the opportunity to start thinking about their financial future.”

We look at how you can Brexit-proof your finances in nine key areas.

Employment

Brexit has created uncertainty for many UK employees, especially those who are from other EU countries and have chosen to move here to advance a career, or UK nationals who want to work in other European Economic Area countries.

The freedom of movement rules remain in place and there is an outline of how these will apply after Brexit, but nothing has been set in stone yet.

This lack of clarity is also fuelling concerns among employees about workers’ rights, as EU laws are repealed and replaced with UK laws.

While employers will still need to honour the National Minimum Wage and National Living Wage, some benefits for workers enshrined in EU law may be at risk.

Frances O’Grady, general secretary of the TUC, says: “Brits don’t want a Brexit that undermines paid holidays, rest breaks and fair working hours.”

Job security post-Brexit will largely depend on the industry you are in.

Good employers should keep their staff updated on the likely impact of Brexit. If your employer is not telling you what you need to know, be prepared to ask your manager a direct question. Your employer may not know the answer yet, but you can glean a lot from any information it can give you.

Foreign currency

Since the Brexit vote in June 2016, sterling has fallen significantly in value against the euro. The pound reached a high of ¤1.42 in October 2015, but at the time of writing on 20 March 2018, it was worth 21% less at ¤1.14, according to currency specialist Moneycorp.

If the trade talks go well between Britain and the EU, there is hope that sterling’s value will start to recover. But if negotiations stall, creating another difficult year for sterling, travellers may find more value by looking further afield for an overseas getaway.

Ian Strafford-Taylor, chief executive of foreign exchange company FairFX, says: “Regardless of your holiday destination, there are plenty of steps to make sure that when you buy currency, you get the very biggest bang for your buck. These include considering exchange rates before you book and tracking rates, so you buy when they’re at their strongest, as well as avoiding buying currency at the airports and being hit with credit and debit card fees.”

Typical transaction costs for using your card abroad are between 2.75% and 2.99%, and you will be charged a non-sterling purchase fee of between 0% and 1.25% on top. 

Each time you use an ATM abroad, you can also be charged anything from £1.50 to £2 a time, so it is wise to withdraw larger sums in one go or to get a specialist overseas card that allows fee-free spending and cash withdrawals, according to Nick England, chief executive of travel money firm EasyFX. You should also pay in the local currency rather than pounds whenever you are given the option.

He says: “Paying in sterling seems like a great idea because you know how much you’ll be paying in your own currency and there are no surprises. But   don’t be fooled. Choosing to pay in sterling will always be more expensive.”

Holiday costs

Other holiday costs are likely to rise because of Brexit, with everything from flights to hold baggage becoming more expensive.

Adam Ewart, chief executive and founder of luggage shipping company Send My Bag, says: “Unfortunately, the fall of the pound means it is now more expensive to travel anywhere outside the UK and not just to Europe. You might have noticed prices creeping up already. Paying for the luxury of sitting next to a friend on an easyJet flight, for your food on a short-distance British Airways journey, and having to pay to keep hold of your hand luggage on Ryanair are just a few of the ancillary costs airlines are passing on to travellers as they prepare to ‘buffer’ Brexit market fluctuations.”

To save money, he recommends you consider a holiday in the UK. “Book early to get the best deals, do not assume an airline’s partner will be cheapest for, say, car hire, and try to travel off-season when costs are lower,” he adds.

Inflation and interest rates

The Consumer Prices Index including owner-occupier housing costs (CPI-H) measure of infl ation hit 3.1% in November 2017, before falling back slightly to 2.5% in February 2018 – the latest fi gure available at the time of writing – but is still well above the 2% target.

Meanwhile, the Bank of England’s Monetary Policy Committee increased the base rate from its historic low of 0.25% to 0.5% in November 2017, and analysts predict another rise as early as May. This is good news for savers, but not for mortgage borrowers.

Alex Neilson, investment manager at wealth manager Investec Click & Invest, explains: “If inflation and the pound take a hit because of the Brexit deal, then the Bank of England will most likely be forced to raise interest rates, which will increase the cost of borrowing for UK consumers.”

Mortgage borrowers who are on their lender’s standard variable rate or are coming to the end of a fixed-term deal should think about how to fix their costs to protect themselves.

Petrol prices

Petrol prices have already gone up, thanks to the fall in the value of the pound since the EU referendum.

Oil prices are always quoted in US dollars, so if the pound is weaker against the US dollar, prices at the pumps will rise.

However, things are not as bad as they might have been, says  RAC fuel spokesperson Simon Williams.

“Fuel, like oil, is traded in dollars so wholesale petrol and diesel become cheaper the stronger sterling is against the dollar,” he says. “While this is a significant factor, the price of oil tends to be a greater influence. Fortunately, the weaker pound has coincided with a substantial fall in the price of oil, which means a barrel is now much cheaper than it was four years ago. As a result, motorists are paying 10p less a litre for petrol, and around 14p less for diesel, than they were then.”

Savings

Low interest rates for 10 years have hit savers hard and the Funding for Lending Scheme, which gave banks access to cheap government money to pass on in loans to small and medium-sized businesses, has done little to help. But that scheme finished at the end of January 2018, so we may see more competition in the savings markets as high-street banks try to boost their balance sheets.

Stuart Law, chief executive of peer-to-peer (P2P) lending firm Assetz Capital, says: “Even with a hike in interest rates, we’re unlikely to see them hit 2% any time soon, meaning high-street savers won’t see a great change in their returns as we don’t expect banks to pass on all the rate rises to savers. This won’t provide much confidence, with people effectively losing money each day when inflation rates are considered.”

Savers need to move their money regularly to make the most of the best rates, while also keeping their money protected under the Financial Services Compensation Scheme, which covers up to £85,000 deposited with each institution.

However, you can use your savings in a different way if you have a mortgage.

Matthew Tansley, chief executive of mortgage advice website Propillo.com, says: “Your savings hate inflation. One way to get the most out of them is by using an offset mortgage. These special mortgages come with linked savings accounts where you can deposit spare cash. Any money in the savings account is used to reduce the amount of interest payable on your mortgage.”

Investments

For investors concerned about Brexit’s impact, moving your money away from companies exposed to issues surrounding Brexit could be a good plan.

Angus Dent, chief executive at P2P business lending firm ArchOver, says: “If sterling takes a dive against the euro, supply side costs could soar, with serious knock-on effects for UK businesses. You can minimise your exposure by staying aware of how closely your investments are tied to UK-EU relations.

“In the current climate, over half of UK investors (53%) associate investments with uncertainty and caution, but too much caution can have a negative impact on your money. On the other hand, if you put too much of your cash into high-risk options such as stocks and shares, you put yourself at the mercy of market fluctuations.

“Brexit need not be a disaster for investors – they just need to make sure that money is invested wisely to protect it from any unexpected turbulence.”

While Brexit may drive some investment decisions, it should not be the only factor. A solid approach to financial planning and diversification of your portfolio is essential, no matter what economic risks arise.

Ben Simpson, chief executive of Menzies Wealth Management, says: “Brexit is not without risk, but it is simply one of many issues that should be considered when looking holistically at financial planning. Start with the end in mind and understand what you are trying to achieve before addressing the specific risk or otherwise posed by Brexit.”

House prices

Brexit uncertainty has led to a slowdown in the UK housing market, as people prefer to wait and see what will happen rather than climb on to the housing ladder.

Jason Harris-Cohen, founder of professional house-buying firm Open Property Group, says: “At the moment, it’s a buyers’ market and the gap between asking price and agreed sale price has widened.

“If you want to buy now, you can take advantage of the lower prices, but as a seller you may feel like you’re in limbo. You can put your property on the market, knowing that you may get a lower offer or that your house may get stuck on the market or you can wait until the terms around Brexit have been confirmed before making a decision.” 

Home buyers looking to undertake home improvements should also act sooner rather than later.

Sarah Gillbe, residential property specialist at Setfords Solicitors, says: “It is likely that the cost of goods for building services will go up. If you are planning any work, get it booked in and paid for as soon as possible.”

Pensions

If you have a defined contribution pension, which is linked with investments, Brexit’s impact on the markets will automatically affect your retirement fund, but don’t make any knee-jerk decisions.

Michael Cotter, financial services lawyer at Setfords Solicitors, says: “The key is not to panic and be sucked in by those who wish to prey on the current uncertainty. As matters stand, everything is performing as well as it was and/or better. Remember prior to Brexit, talks of ‘financial Armageddon were banded about but, as of today, the sun is still shining.”

The UK has underperformed recently compared to other major stock markets, says Nigel Pullen, financial planning unit manager at advice firm Wesleyan, so if you are heavily invested in the UK, look to diversify your pension pot to make the most of better performing markets overseas.

MONEYWISE VERDICT

If you have any concerns about your pension – or your finances in general – speak to an independent financial adviser (IFA) for advice on what you can do to improve your financial position, no matter what the outcome of Brexit. To find an adviser, visit Moneywise.co.uk/find-an-ifa.

Michael Cotter adds: “Ask the adviser for a review of your portfolio and try not to worry about second-guessing too much – politicians across Europe are still struggling to work out what may lie ahead.”

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New Medicare Cards Mean New Scams: Here’s What You Need to Know


Last year we told you about the new Medicare card recipients would be getting in 2018.

The new cards will no longer include Social Security numbers, gender or signatures, and will instead use a computer-generated series of letters and numbers to better protect recipients’ identities against scams.

And as soon as the announcement was made, scammers started using the new cards as bait for new identity theft tactics.

This is why we can’t have nice things.

Medicare scams are nothing new, and these particular scams are the same wolves in different moo-moos.

Scammers will call up Medicare beneficiaries and tell them that to get their new card, they need to provide their Social Security number and banking information.

From there, the scammer can use the Social Security number to open bank accounts, get medical care, and steal benefits or tax refunds.

This is unfortunate, but the new cards are long overdue. In instances of fraud, Social Security numbers are difficult to change, but if someone shady gets hold of your Medicare unique identifier, that can easily be switched up.

There are 58.5 million Medicare cards being mailed out between April 2018 and April 2019, which is a lot of opportunity for these scammers. To save you or someone you know the hassle of identity theft, here are the facts about getting your new Medicare card.

1. You Don’t Need to Do Anything to Get Your New Medicare Card

The government is busy enough. Medicare isn’t going to call you asking for information it already has. The only thing you need to do is make sure your mailing address is up-to-date and just sit around wait for your card.

If you’re worried your address may not be up-to-date, you can update it one of three ways: online, over the phone (by calling 800-772-1213) or at a local Social Security office.

2. Don’t Expect Your Card Right Away

Speaking of sitting around and waiting for your new card, you may want to get up and walk around a little.

Medicare is mailing out cards by geographic region over 12 months. You can check its website to see where you fall on its delivery schedule.

3. Your Current Card Is Good Through the End of 2019

Don’t panic if you don’t see your new card soon.

Current cards will be accepted through Dec. 31, 2019. When you do get your new card, immediately shred the old one and start using the new one. New cards don’t need to be activated and will be accepted immediately upon delivery.

4. Medicare Advantage Cards Aren’t Changing

Don’t expect a new Medicare Advantage card. They already use unique identification numbers, so those won’t change.

5. Reporting Fraud Helps Everyone

You might get one of these calls and just hang up, but considering reporting it. The more information there is on these scammers, the fewer people they can deceive.

If you’ve received one of these new senior scam calls, report it online to your state’s Senior Medicare Patrol or by phone to the Medicare Fraud tip line at 800-MEDICARE. If you’ve been a victim of this type of fraud, file a complaint with the Federal Trade Commission.

Jen Smith is a junior writer at The Penny Hoarder and gives tips for saving money and paying off debt on Instagram at @savingwithspunk.

This was originally published on The Penny Hoarder, which helps millions of readers worldwide earn and save money by sharing unique job opportunities, personal stories, freebies and more. The Inc. 5000 ranked The Penny Hoarder as the fastest-growing private media company in the U.S. in 2017.



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This New Pilot Program Will Save Some Parents Thousands in Day Care Costs


Bring on the coos, cuteness and cries. A state agency in South Carolina just launched a pilot program allowing employees to bring their babies to the office.

The South Carolina Department of Insurance will let staffers take their infants up to 6 months old as long as it won’t disrupt the work of the office, the Post and Courier reported.

The department’s director Ray Farmer introduced the trial program after learning the National Association of Insurance Commissioners has allowed its employees to bring babies into work for 20 years.

“Programs such as these can assist with employee retention and the success of this agency,” Farmer wrote in a notice to his staff.

Employees will still be required to work their normal 7 ½-hour days. The intent of the program isn’t to mimic a day care service, Farmer said. The department has fewer than 100 workers, and he doesn’t expect to have more than one or two babies in the office at a time — although there is a “quiet room” if parents need to retreat to a private space.

One of the great things about this parent-baby bonding time at work is that it can save employees thousands in child-care costs.

According to Care.com, the average cost to send an infant to a day care center in Columbia, South Carolina’s capital city, is $186 per week. The average cost for nanny care is $559 per week.

So if a South Carolina Department of Insurance worker decides to return to work after spending six weeks at home with a newborn, the potentially savings could be $3,720 in day care costs or $11,180 in nanny-care expenses over the following 20 weeks simply by bringing the baby to the office.

The Post and Courier reported this is the first state agency in South Carolina to pilot such a program. However, bring-your-infant-to-work policies have been enacted in other government offices and private companies throughout the country.

The Parenting in the Workplace Institute, (which we wrote about last year), has recorded more than 2,100 instances where employees have taken their babies to work, spanning more than 200 workplaces in more than 30 industries across more than 40 states.

The institute’s database of baby-inclusive organizations shines a light on how various workplaces support working parents and help them trim the insane cost of raising a child.

Nicole Dow is a staff writer at The Penny Hoarder. She enjoys writing about parenting and money.

This was originally published on The Penny Hoarder, which helps millions of readers worldwide earn and save money by sharing unique job opportunities, personal stories, freebies and more. The Inc. 5000 ranked The Penny Hoarder as the fastest-growing private media company in the U.S. in 2017.



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Are You College-Ready? Post a Video About it and You Could Win Up to $5K


The day you go away to college will be both the most exciting and terrifying day of your young life.

The minute you step onto campus, you’ll suddenly feel like the adult-iest adult and the tiniest baby all at the same time.

But with such a weird mix of emotions, it’s hard to tell if you’re really ready for college (hint: you are) or if you’re just an infant imposter masquerading as a college student by wearing a “U of Something” sweatshirt.

So how do you convince yourself you’re ready for this next big phase in your life?

By making a video about it, of course!

OK, so that’s not really the traditional way to shake out the “headed to college” nerves — but you could win a $5,000 scholarship for it, so it’s worth a shot.

AASA, The School Superintendents Association, is hosting the Redefining Ready! National Scholarship contest for graduating high school seniors in an effort to shift the focus of college preparedness away from test scores and onto things like internships, attendance, identifying a career pathway, community service hours and sports or club participation. (Ya know, the things that actually help prepare you for life.)

The Redefining Ready! National Scholarship Contest

Here’s how to enter to win as much as $5,000 in the AASA Redefining Ready! Scholarship contest.

Number of scholarships awarded: 16

Amount awarded:

  • One national first-place winner will receive $5,000.
  • One national runner-up will receive $2,500.
  • Seven regional (AASA regions) winners will each receive $2,000.
  • Seven regional runners-up will each receive $1,000.

To qualify for this scholarship, applicants must:

  • Be a graduating high school senior.

To apply, applicants must:

  • Create a 30-second video detailing how they are college-, career- and life-ready beyond a single test score.
  • Write a brief essay detailing the same (to be included on the application).
  • Upload the video to YouTube (must be publicly viewable).
  • Share the video on Twitter.
  • Use the hashtag #RedefiningReady and tag @AASAHQ and @Hobsons when sharing on Twitter.
  • Fill out and submit the application found on the sidebar here, including your Twitter handle and a link to your video on YouTube.

Scholarship deadline:  April 2, 2018

You can read the rest of the official rules and guidelines here. (There’s also an example video you can view.)

And if you’re looking for even more scholarships to apply for, be sure to check out our list of 100 scholarships that will help you pay for college.

Grace Schweizer is a junior writer at The Penny Hoarder.

This was originally published on The Penny Hoarder, which helps millions of readers worldwide earn and save money by sharing unique job opportunities, personal stories, freebies and more. The Inc. 5000 ranked The Penny Hoarder as the fastest-growing private media company in the U.S. in 2017.



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This Library Program Encourages Kids to Read, Save Money and Be Responsible


Some Los Angeles County library patrons with outstanding late fees just caught a lucky break.

The library system will waive unsettled fines for patrons under 21 years old — but there’s a catch.

They’ll need to hang out in the library and “read away” their fines.

Children, teens and young adults can participate in The Great Read Away program by registering at their local LA County library.

When you’re ready to make a dent in late fees, simply sign in with a librarian’s help, read for as long as you wish, then sign out. You’ll receive $5 credit toward your late fees for every hour you spend engrossed in your book.

You can’t surf the internet or listen to music while earning your credit. You also can’t watch movies even if they’re based on a book. (Sorry, Harry Potter fans).

But lots of reading material counts as books, including graphic novels, comic books, magazines, newspapers and eBooks. You can even listen to an audiobook if you like.

For tykes too young to read, a parent or caregiver can read to a child to earn late-fee credit, but it will be applied only to the child’s library fees, not to fines of the person doing the reading.

Read Away program credits apply to overdue fees and also to the replacement of library cards and lost or damaged books and other items on loan.

Library fines for overdue books can add up fast, so it’s no surprise parents are grateful for a reasonable solution.  

“The parents express gratitude and relief,”  East Los Angeles Library children’s librarian Aleah Jurnecka told the LA Times. “It lessens the burden on a lot of families.”

Several library systems across the country offer similar programs, so check with your local library to see if Read Away is available in your area.

Lisa McGreevy is a staff writer at The Penny Hoarder. She loves helping families save money, so look her up on Twitter (@lisah) if you’ve got a tip to share.

This was originally published on The Penny Hoarder, which helps millions of readers worldwide earn and save money by sharing unique job opportunities, personal stories, freebies and more. The Inc. 5000 ranked The Penny Hoarder as the fastest-growing private media company in the U.S. in 2017.



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This Company Just Got Sued for Scamming People Who Wanted to Sell on Amazon


If it sounds too good to be true, it probably is.

The Federal Trade Commission has charged Amazing Wealth Systems with luring customers into buying their pricy system with the false claim that they’ll make thousands of dollars a month selling on Amazon.

“Most, if not virtually all, purchasers do not earn the advertised income,” the lawsuit states, citing company claims like, “Get started selling on Amazon and make $5,000-$10,000 in the next 30 days… even if you have never sold anything online before.”

Talk about an Amazon scam.

Amazing Wealth System charges customers to attend workshops and coaching sessions, ranging from $995 to more than $35,000.

According to the lawsuit, the content offered is either readily available on Amazon’s site or violates Amazon’s policies, including writing fake reviews, which results in the purchasers’ Amazon stores being suspended.

The Amazing Wealth Systems’ website touts a 200-page manual titled “Amazon Riches,” but the link to “learn more” now says the page could not be found.

Amazing Wealth System operates under multiple names, including AWS, Amazon Wealth Systems, Amazing Wealth Systems, FBA Stores, Insider Online Secrets, Online Auction Learning Center and Online Seller, according to the FTC.

If you’re looking to discover legitimate opportunities, here are 11 ways you can make some money selling on Amazon (that aren’t an Amazon scam).

Tiffany Wendeln Connors is a staff writer for The Penny Hoarder.

This was originally published on The Penny Hoarder, which helps millions of readers worldwide earn and save money by sharing unique job opportunities, personal stories, freebies and more. The Inc. 5000 ranked The Penny Hoarder as the fastest-growing private media company in the U.S. in 2017.



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Bent Out of Shape Over the Cost of Practicing Yoga? Here’s How to Save


Lululemon yoga pants: $98

Alo yoga top: $58

Manduka yoga mat: $82

Hugger Mugger yoga block: $24.95

Prana yoga strap: $15

Multi-studio monthly pass at YogaWorks: $135

Total: $412.95

If you’re starting out your yoga practice this way, you’re doing it wrong, says internationally recognized yoga teacher and positive-body-image advocate Jessamyn Stanley.

“There’s no reason to feel as though you need to go out and spend over $100 in order to get started,” she says. “That’s ridiculous.”

I spoke with Stanley, social-media influencer and author of “Every Body Yoga,” about the consumerism associated with the wellness industry — yoga in particular — and how people can practice yoga without spending a lot.

In 2016, Yoga Alliance and Yoga Journal released the results of their Yoga in America Study, which found about 36.7 million people practiced yoga and spent a collective $16.8 billion annually on classes, clothing, equipment and accessories.

That’s roughly $457.77 per person.

While the costs can easily add up, it doesn’t have to be that way. Stanley knows firsthand what it’s like to start a yoga practice with limited financial means.

“I come from a very working-class family, have always had to have a job, have always needed to have multiple jobs, honestly,” she says.

And she was a grad school student then. Dropping hundreds on yoga classes and gear just wasn’t an option.

Cutting the Costs of Classes

When it comes to reducing the expense of yoga instruction, Stanley recommends students look for deals on classes and seek work-study options.

When she first started attending classes at her local Bikram studio, Stanley used a Groupon pass that gave her a month of unlimited sessions at a discount. She learned the studio offered a work-study program and signed up after her Groupon deal ended.

“I think I had to help clean the studio for like four to five times a week, but I could practice as much as I wanted,” Stanley recalls. “That was what helped me start practicing yoga in studios. I literally could never have afforded to do it otherwise.”

Practicing at home and trying online classes is another avenue she suggests for yoga students looking to save.

Stanley turned to online yoga classes after dropping out of grad school and moving to a new city. She started with a free trial subscription to YogaGlo and then started paying $18 a month for the service.

“It’s so much cheaper than going to any kind of studio,” Stanley says.

She recognizes some people are apprehensive about practicing alone at home but says it’s important.

“Even if you do practice in studios, you should establish a home practice,” she says. “When I really started to dig into my home practice, that’s when my practice became so much more nuanced and all-encompassing than it had ever been before.”

Plus, once you know how to practice on your own, you’ll always have that knowledge regardless of your financial standing.

Getting Creative With Yoga Gear

Whether you’re practicing at studios or at home, you may find yourself wanting to purchase a bunch of gear to start out — a yoga mat, clothing, props.

But when it comes down to it, none of it is absolutely essential, Stanley says.

“People have found so many ways to monetize yoga,” she says. “But all of the stuff that they talk about — all of these products, types of leggings, types of mats, all of the extra stuff — you do not need any of that.”

People have been practicing yoga for thousands of years, Stanley explains, and none of those products we buy at stores or order online were around back then. It’s only clever marketing that makes you think you need it.

Stanley didn’t buy a yoga mat when she first started practicing. She used her dad’s old Pilates mat.

Rather than spending money on yoga props, Stanley fashioned some out of things she had at home.

“I used a dog leash as a strap forever,” she said.

Stanley’s mom ended up knitting her a yoga strap after seeing a photo of her daughter using the dog leash. Eventually, someone sent Stanley an actual yoga strap.

Instead of buying a yoga block, she taped a set of Star Wars VHS tapes together. Stanley also made a DIY block out of two taped-together cell phone boxes or just used big books such as “Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows” and “The Joy of Cooking.”

In “Every Body Yoga,” Stanley shares more examples of what people can use in lieu of purchasing various pieces of yoga equipment. However, just because she understands yoga can be practiced without spending a dime doesn’t mean she’s against buying equipment.

“Is some of it dope and very helpful to have in your practice? Absolutely,” she says. “I’m not saying that actual yoga props are not better than DIY props. I prefer my props that were made for that specific focus. But if you can’t afford it, there’s no need to feel as though you need them.”

Stanley says if someone were to splurge on one item, she’d recommend a quality yoga mat.

“I do think if you really love practicing and it becomes a very important part of your life, it’s a good idea to invest in a yoga mat that can really take your sweat and help you feel stronger and make you feel supported and comfortable,” she says.

Two of her favorites are JadeYoga mats, which are made sustainably from natural rubber and cost between $39.95 and $149.95, and Liforme mats, which Stanley describes as “the Cadillac of yoga mats”.

But if that’s not in your budget (a Liforme mat can cost $140) — skip it! Stanley advises people to borrow somebody’s old mat or get an inexpensive mat at Marshalls and throw a towel on top of it.

“It’s not that serious,” she says.

Championing Affordable Yoga for All

Stanley’s message is that yoga can be for everybody — regardless of size, sex, race, culture, physical ability, religious background or financial standing.

She says people get wrapped up in the materialism of yoga and think they have to obtain certain things to have a good practice, which isn’t so.

“It’s very easy to engage in wellness without any money, but it’s definitely something we have to train ourselves to do,” she explains.

Stanley, who lives in Durham, North Carolina, previously taught classes at local community centers on a pay-what-you-can model. Now, the classes she teaches in Durham are completely free. Any donations go to a local charity.

Stanley says yoga should be of service to others. She eliminated the cost in order to give yoga to people in a way that’s not transactional.

“The reason that yoga seems so inaccessible is that there’s just not enough free options,” Stanley says.

She believes money should not be the reason someone doesn’t practice yoga.

“It is only a product of the modern world that we believe there’s any kind of link between money and yoga,” Stanley says. “They’re not to be linked at all.”

Nicole Dow is a staff writer at The Penny Hoarder.

This was originally published on The Penny Hoarder, which helps millions of readers worldwide earn and save money by sharing unique job opportunities, personal stories, freebies and more. The Inc. 5000 ranked The Penny Hoarder as the fastest-growing private media company in the U.S. in 2017.



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On ‘Being Frugal Is for the Rich’

Recently, several readers sent me this interesting article from The Outline entitled Being Frugal Is for the Rich. The article criticizes a handful of recent personal finance books, particularly one entitled Meet the Frugalwoods, and seems to make the argument that frugal strategies only lead to strong financial success such as debt freedom or early retirement if you’re making a very large income or are already wealthy. Here’s one of the core arguments of the article:

So the Frugalwoods appear to be doing pretty well for themselves. And if their story carries a whiff of déjà vu, that’s probably [because] it slots neatly into a classist myth that millions of adults in this country still believe: the story of the American Millennial.

It goes like this. The 2008 recession may have cratered the wages and employment prospects for people just entering the job market, but according to the myth of the American Millennial, the real problem young people have today is themselves. Nearly a decade after the crash, the mainstream media still seems hell-bent on portraying people born between 1982 and 2004 as a bunch of decadent and “fun-employed” narcissists who [waste] their parents’ money away on matcha green tea lattes, spend too much time Instagramming their pets, and are thus responsible for the economic rut they’re stuck in.

This myth — which scrubs millions of underprivileged Millennials from the picture — is crucial to understanding why the media is swooning over the Frugalwoods right now. What’s remarkable about them is how they’ve managed to offer the public a kind of Millennial redemption story: a tale of two Millennials taking the time and responsibility to learn about money, rein in their spending impulses, and achieve financial security. But how realistic is that narrative?

Not very. Millennials have been caricatured as affluent liberal-arts majors with no career plans, but the reality is most Millennials don’t even have a college degree. And last year, the advocacy group Young Invincibles used Federal Reserve data to determine that Millennials as a whole earn about 20 percent less than Baby Boomers did during their formative years, and amass roughly half the net wealth.

The Bureau of Labor Statistics puts the median weekly income for Millennials with a high school diploma at $692, which amounts to barely $36,000 for a full-time annual salary. Meanwhile, the minority of Millennials with associate’s and bachelor’s degrees earn median weekly incomes of $819 and $1,156, which respectively add up to $42,588 and $60,112 annually. That’s before their paychecks are flattened by rent, utilities, and exorbitant health insurance premiums and deductibles. And for the millions of Millennial freelancers toiling away in the “gig economy” — which is growing larger each year — benefits like 401K plans and employer-paid insurance slide further out of reach.

Then, of course, there’s student loan debt. According to the Federal Reserve, Millennials in their twenties carried an average debt of $22,135 last summer. This is one of the most integral metrics of the Millennial experience because of its implications for how much money a young person can save. A recent study by ApartmentList claims that the rarefied minority of debt-free Millennials are putting away twice as much money as their counterparts who are still paying off balances. This makes it easier to put a down payment on a house, build a portfolio, and — if you’re lucky — retire early, Frugalwoods-style.

I have a ton of responses to all of this, so let’s break them down bit by bit, starting with my own background.

So Where Did ‘The Simple Dollar’ Come From?

I grew up without much money, as I’ve alluded to many times on here. There were times when there was very little money growing up and there were aspects of my childhood that would probably shock many of you in terms of how well they matched the pop culture vision that people have of poverty. I never really thought of us as “poor,” but looking back, there were some very lean times and some elements of my childhood that really stand out. For example, I remember going on exactly two “family vacations” during the entirety of my childhood, and both were three days or less and were in states adjacent to where I grew up.

My father was a bit of a jack of all trades and always had some kind of side business going on to make sure we had food on the table because his main employer was less than reliable and often laid off employees for extended periods before hiring them back. (He finally escaped that cycle by cleverly steering himself into a crucial job, but by then I had already left home.)

I went off to college in the late 1990s, the first person in my family to do so. I was aided by scholarships, but still incurred a fair amount of student debt during my studies. Honestly, I was like a fish out of water in college, especially at first. I knew no one there, as there was literally no one in my home county that was attending college alongside me, and I really struggled to fit in where virtually everyone else was from a substantially more affluent background than me.

It turns out that I had learned a lot from his “jack of all trades” attitude. I started in on that from almost the first day I was at college, as I jumped in to help fix a wiring problem in a public computer lab on campus which led directly to a job managing that lab (I was studying genetics at the time and the lab I was using serviced a lot of genetics students). This led to getting to know a lot of professors and a few odd jobs in various research labs until I really found a nice home in one particular lab that was combining genetics and computer science in interesting ways.

That job ended up landing me several summer internships and, eventually, a promising job after college. It offered some spectacular opportunities for growth, but it didn’t pay a whole lot and was on an annual contract basis. This was during the early 2000s job market downturn, so I was happy to get it.

I got married shortly after that, and in 2006, after lots of side hustles and a few job switches, I launched The Simple Dollar. It didn’t make much money at first – it took a few years before any real income came in. By the time I was earning any real income from the site, we had paid off all of our debts from our work income.

That entire process of paying off all of our credit cards, student loans, and auto loans was done on a household income of substantially less than $100,000 a year. I don’t know what the national average household income was in that timeframe, but we were pretty close to it.

We pulled it off by being extremely tight with our spending and making a number of tough choices. We found that as we were knocking down debts, it became easier to pay off the next one – the classic debt snowball – and we found a lot of nice little tactics along the way. I wanted to write about it and share it with my friends, so I started The Simple Dollar on a whim. I had tried blogging in the past and it never really took off. The Simple Dollar did, though it took a little while for it to start humming.

By the time 2008 rolled around, I had to make a decision. I was burning the candle at both ends trying to keep up with The Simple Dollar and with my career. Sarah and I sat down, looked at our financial state at that moment, looked at some of my career challenges, looked at the potential of The Simple Dollar, and decided that the right move was for me to try to do it full-time for a while.

To that point, I had never made $100,000 in a year before. It’s not as if the site made us wealthy; in fact, it mostly just ended up replacing my salary from my other job (though with a very painful salary hit at first).

Over the next few years, I did all I could building the site into something that would sustain for a while. This involved hiring a few people to help out with technical aspects and backend administration for the site while I focused mostly on writing, but I found that as time went on, I was spending so much time managing people and putting out fires and still trying to keep up with writing that I wasn’t enjoying it any more and I was literally burning out with all of the invested hours. As a result, I sold the site in late 2011 and signed a very long-term agreement to remain as the primary writer so that I could focus more on writing and on being available to take care of some ongoing family issues and medical care.

During this entire process, our household annual income bumped above $100,000 twice, and both times it was well after our consumer debt had been paid off thanks to frugality. Almost every year during all of this, our household income was fairly close to the national average. The reality is that you don’t get rich from blogging without having a pretty sizable marketing team working with you – and you never really could. There are always a few exceptions, of course, but even those are rare ones.

I started The Simple Dollar because I love to write, and I managed to build the site to the point where ad support could enable me to have a semi-healthy income, one that was sustainable due to our relatively low-spending life. That’s why I still write here – I love writing this stuff, learning and trying new things, and reading reader comments and interacting with readers.

I 100% guarantee you I would be making a bigger income if I had stuck with my previous field. I know people that stuck with it and… yeah, they’re making more than I am. I chose The Simple Dollar because I love writing this stuff, our frugal practices enable us to make ends meet, and it affords me a great deal of time flexibility which has helped greatly with having three young children (I get to be here when they get off the bus each day) and also having a few background life issues (not really relevant to the site) that required a lot of extra time and attention.

Trust me – if I were in this for the money, I wouldn’t be writing this article. I’d be in my previous career path, crunching numbers somewhere and making a much nicer paycheck. However, I’m doubtful that I would enjoy it as much, and there would be a very different set of demands on my time.

The Average American and Frugality

My belief is that the reason The Simple Dollar became popular is because, in a lot of ways, Sarah and I are the average American family. We aren’t wealthy and never have been. Neither one of us came from wealthy families; I’d describe Sarah’s as middle class and I described mine above. Neither one of us makes a mountain of money – in fact, some of our choices intentionally turned us away from making as much as we could. Sarah and I have joked that we both made career and life choices that really hurt our income potential over the years, and it’s absolutely true.

Our average annual household income since Sarah and I graduated has been a little higher than the American average, but not stupendously so. We don’t live in a high tax bracket, and we have three children to take care of. We didn’t get rich because of The Simple Dollar – in a lot of ways, it’s just a pretty normal job, with some perks and some challenges. We’re pretty typical.

Given all of that, we’re both in our thirties. We have zero debt. We fully own both of our vehicles, a 2009 Prius and a 2014 Sienna. We fully own our home. We have no student debt, no credit card debt, and no consumer debt. We are well above the pace we would need to be at to have a healthy retirement at age 65, and we’re actually anticipating retiring much earlier than that, perhaps when our youngest child leaves home, though we understand that a lot of things can change along the way. We’ve done this all with three kids in tow on what amounts to little more than the average American household income.

How did we do it? I strongly attribute frugal living to the financial success we’ve found along the way. I think that simply getting a grip on our spending and learning how to make spending decisions that get us most of the value we want in life for a much smaller portion of the price is the biggest reason we’ve found this success. We could have achieved similar success with a strong career focus, but other aspects of our life led us to chose a path where our careers aren’t going to provide us with a lot of wealth, so we found it in being frugal.

I am firmly of the belief that most of the frugal strategies we use will help families and individuals at almost every income level, though I fully understand that they begin to be less helpful when you start to approach the poverty line, and that’s a topic that I directly address from time to time in articles like this and this.

A bit of an aside: From my own life experience, part of the challenge is that, when you don’t have much money, frugality is essentially forced upon you. You often don’t have an option – you have to be super-creative with every dollar or else you don’t eat. Being in that situation for a long period of time alters one’s relationship with money; it’s often not seen as a resource to help build one’s future, but something that needs to be spent now before it disappears because it will disappear. Rather than building a foundation, you’re running from fire to fire in your life, seemingly everything slurps away what little money you have, and you sometimes find yourself spending a little in a foolish way just to feel like there’s something more to your life than crisis mode and you have some sense of control over things. Everything feels beyond your control, and that can be quite scary and it can definitely alter your attitudes toward money. Because of that, I think that people in this position, where everything is in crisis mode, often roll their eyes at the financial advice of people for whom frugality is a choice. That’s an attitude I understand in a very fundamental and personal way.

This touches upon a very important point: For most Americans, frugality is a choice. The average American income does afford a pretty wide range of options about how to live one’s life – even incomes notably below that level still offer a range of choices. You can afford to buy Tide, or the store brand laundry soap, or you can make your own – you have a choice. You can decide which is the right option for you. When money gets tight, that choice gets somewhat wrenched out of your hand – if you buy Tide, you’re probably eating something utterly dirt cheap for supper tonight, for example, or you’re possibly even going without supper. What if your kid needs an instrument for his or her band class? Everything gets super tight and the choices become few and difficult.

This is where I believe the idea of “frugality is for the rich” is based. Many Americans find themselves in a position where some of the choices they’d like to have control over are wrenched out of their hands by financial demands. They’re sitting on huge student loans and by simply making the minimum payments, they’re not left with a whole lot. Once you start covering things like basic utilities, rent, basic food, and transportation to get to a job, even with a pretty decent income, there’s not much left on the vine.

For people in that boat – and it’s the boat that a lot of people my age and younger, down to college age, find themselves in – the choice isn’t between laundry soap and supper, but the choice often comes down to choosing one or two lifestyle choices out of the 10 that they see their friends and peers enjoying, and it doesn’t feel very good.

If you compare the hand that most millennials have been dealt compared to their grandparents (and even their parents) at the same age, it’s not a very good hand, and it’s not one that’s fun to be playing in the game of life. They’re often pushed into having to make frugal decisions and life calls that their parents and grandparents never had to make.

And, as I said above, frugality is often perceived to be about actually having a choice in the matter; when it’s forced on you, it’s not empowering and it just helps you to survive, not to get ahead.

Frugality and Choice

My perspective, having lived near the poverty line and near the average American income and, at times, a little above it, is that sometimes frugality is a choice and sometimes it isn’t, but knowing how to do it well is helpful in both situations.

I don’t have a magic answer to the situation that many Americans find themselves in, where they simply don’t have the resources or the opportunities that previous generations have. That’s a broader economic and political question that’s outside the scope of The Simple Dollar.

All I can say is this: a lot of the best strategies I’ve used to help myself stay afloat and get ahead in life worked (in some form) whether I was dirt poor or doing well. The big difference was in the results – sometimes it was needed to keep us afloat; other times it was useful to help us get ahead.

The core skillset and mindset of getting the most bang for the buck for everything and knowing how to cut corners has been helpful whether or not we were struggling to survive until the next paycheck or we were trying to stretch a moderate income to cover a lot of bills or we were trying to overcome a big pile of debt on a decent income or we were leveraging ourselves toward complete financial independence and early income on a debt-free life with a solid income. The same strategies worked.

My parents bought a lot of store brand items when I was a kid, when we didn’t have much money. I buy a lot of store brand items now and I can use that difference to make sure we don’t ever go back into debt and are able to contribute nicely to retirement. The strategy is the same, but the benefit is just being used differently.

When I was in college, part of my dirt-cheap diet was to eat rice out of a rice cooker with a fried egg chopped up in it and some soy sauce on top for a super cheap regular supper. Knowing I could eat a reasonably healthy supper for a couple of dimes made it easier to keep making ends meet. Do you want to guess what we had for supper last night? Yep, rice with a fried egg (and some sautéed vegetables) chopped up in it, with some soy sauce on top. We’ll feed the whole family for a dollar while eating fairly nutritious food, and the extra money helps us with the myriad of expenses of having three kids. Again, the strategy is the same, but the benefit is being used differently.

I could go on and on with examples like this.

Now, as I mentioned earlier, this is a lot less fun when you’re forced into strategies like this due to a lack of income. Here’s the thing, though: If you stick with these strategies, they do give you some semblance of a light at the end of the tunnel. It might be far off, but it’s there. If you spend every dime you bring in every paycheck, there is no light at the end of the tunnel. If you figure out how to set aside a few bucks every paycheck by figuring out just a few more tricks, and then you do something smart with those few bucks like building an emergency fund or making an extra debt payment, there’s a little light at the end of the tunnel, even if it’s far off.

Does that solve the broader problems facing people in financial crunches today? Of course it doesn’t. I’m not going to pretend that frugal tactics are a magical wand that fixes all financial problems in individual lives or in society. It’s not.

Instead, think of frugality as a basic tool. It’s a claw hammer or a flat screwdriver. It’s something that can be used in a lot of different situations. Sure, some people will have much better tools for some jobs, but the reality is that frugality is an effective tool in a lot of situations. Like a flat-head screwdriver can open a bucket of paint or repair a bike or install a thermostat, frugality can step up whether you’re struggling to afford a basic grocery list or you’re just trying to figure out how to take the edge off of your $200,000 a year lifestyle.

In both cases, the principle is the same. You stop, look at a situation, and ask yourself if there is a way to get similar results or most of the results at a much cheaper price than what you initially thought. It always helps, even if you’re pushed up against the wall and the number of choices available to you is pretty small. You can always stop for a moment and look at the situation a little more carefully, and that’s really the heart of frugality.

So, in the sense that “frugality” means “choosing one of the less expensive options when you have twenty choices,” sure, frugality is for the rich. But in the broader sense, where “frugality” simply means “looking at a situation for more than just a second’s glance and finding the most value for the penny,” frugality always helps.

Still, it is just a tool. A flat head screwdriver is useful in a lot of situations, but it doesn’t solve all of your problems. Personal finance really is a toolbox, of which frugality is a useful and well-worn option that I often grab, but it’s far from the only tool. Psychology. Social networks and friendships. Self-learning. Self-control. Discipline. Hard work. Self confidence. They’re all in the tool box, and all together, that tool box can solve a lot of problems.

Don’t ever let yourself think that your personal finance issues can’t be helped by frugality, or that frugality is for the rich. Frugality is only for the rich in the sense that a flat head screwdriver is only for opening paint cans; sure, it does have that use, but it’s far more than that. At the same time, don’t ever believe that all you need is frugality. It is a helpful tool, no more, no less. Use it to help yourself up a little, but don’t expect it to fix everything. You’ve got to use other tools as well, and different people in different situations are going to need different tools. Stick around, and we’ll talk about them.

Good luck!

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