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الأربعاء، 7 نوفمبر 2018

Enter the Google Science Fair for a Chance at a $50K Scholarship


I electrocuted a pickle once.

It tested positive as an electricity conductor. This was done in the name of that trifold cardboard nightmare called a science fair project that most kids are forced to complete in school.  

Some students conjure up brilliant ideas, like creating a flashlight powered by the heat of the human hand or using banana peels to make plastic.

Those ideas are among past winners at the annual Google Science Fair 2018, a worldwide online science competition.

The competition invites teenagers to test their bright ideas, creatively solve problems and collect data for the chance to win a $50,000 scholarship. Other prizes include funding to carry out students’ science projects, a new Chromebook and international travel.

Details of the Google Science Fair 2018

Entrants use science, technology, engineering and math to explore ideas and answer questions.

Eligibility

The Google Science Fair 2018 competition is open to teenagers between the ages of 13 and 18. Applicants must be age 13 by Dec. 12 and have turned 18 by Sept. 13, 2018.

Entries will also be accepted from individuals in the 28 member countries of the European Union (must be age 16 by Dec. 12, 2018) as well as Israel and South Korea (must be age 14 by Dec. 12, 2018).

Each teen must have permission from a parent or legal guardian to enter the competition.

Entry and Submissions

Register as an individual or as a team of up to three people.

To enter, sign up for a Google account if you don’t have one already. Then, register yourself on the Google Science Fair page.

From there you will be taken to your project dashboard, where you will create, edit and submit your entry. You’ll use the dashboard to access permission forms, category selection and complete all submission requirements.

Entries must have a main topic and two subtopics from this list:

  • Flora and fauna.
  • Food science.
  • Earth and environmental sciences.
  • Inventions and innovation.
  • Electricity and electronics.
  • Robotics.
  • Biology.
  • Chemistry.
  • Physics.
  • Behavioral and social sciences.
  • Energy and space.
  • Astrophysics.
  • Computer science and math.

Google offers a resource library for topic inspiration, how-to guides, tips and access to experts and mentors to assist students along the way.

Submissions (much like those old school science fair projects) must include all of the following to be considered:

  • A summary description of your entry.
  • A two-minute video on YouTube or a slideshow using Google Slides with 20 slides or fewer.
  • An “About Me” section.
  • A proposal question and hypothesis.
  • Description of research.
  • Experiments and testing.
  • Results of tests.
  • Outcome and conclusion.
  • Bibliography, references and any acknowledgements.

See the official rules for restrictions, terms and the other fine print.

All submissions will be considered for the various awards available (listed below), so there’s no need to enter them separately.

Scope out the past winning projects to get a feel of what the judges favor.

The deadline to submit a project is 11:59 p.m. PST on Dec. 12, 2018.

State award winners will be announced in March 2019; regional finalists will be announced in April 2019; global finalists will be announced in May 2019.

The Prizes

These 179 prizes are better than any first-place ribbons if you ask me. If a team wins any of the monetary prizes, the amount will be divided evenly among the members.

The Google Grand Prize is a $50,000 scholarship.

Then there are four $15,000 scholarships dedicated to helping students achieve the goal of their project:

  1. The $15,000 LEGO Education award includes a trip with a parent or guardian to LEGO headquarters in Denmark. This award recognizes a hands-on approach to solving STEM challenges.
  2. The $15,000 National Geographic Explorer award includes a 15-day expedition to the Galápagos Islands and a yearlong mentorship. This award recognizes creative and experimental approaches to challenges facing the Earth.
  3. The $15,000 Scientific American Innovator award includes a Scientific American cruise with a parent or guardian and a yearlong mentorship. The award recognizes a top project that uses an experimental approach to answer questions about the natural world.
  4. The $15,000 Virgin Galactic Pioneer award includes a tour of Virgin Galactic facilities and a yearlong mentorship. The award recognizes hands-on approach to engineering challenges.

Next there are 20 global finalists, 53 state winners and 100 regional winners.

The 20 global finalists will receive goody bags from sponsors, a 12-month subscription to Scientific American and National Geographic and a paid trip to Mountain View, California, to participate in the finalist event in July 2019.

The 53 state winners get an Android tablet and a Google goody bag. The 100 regional winners get a Chromebook and a Google goody bag.

When making your science fair project, just remember no idea is too big or too small when it comes to innovation and creative solutions. Look at how aglets — the piece at the end of a shoelace — made our everyday lives easier.

If you’re not eligible or if this isn’t your thing, that’s OK. Check out our list of 100 scholarships that will help you pay for college, or you can like The Penny Hoarder Life on Facebook to discover other scholarship opportunities.

Stephanie Bolling is a staff writer at The Penny Hoarder. She also tested what color popcorn ants prefer because we had colored popcorn in the ’90s.

This was originally published on The Penny Hoarder, which helps millions of readers worldwide earn and save money by sharing unique job opportunities, personal stories, freebies and more. The Inc. 5000 ranked The Penny Hoarder as the fastest-growing private media company in the U.S. in 2017.

The Penny Hoarder Promise: We provide accurate, reliable information. Here’s why you can trust us and how we make money.



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B2B Marketers’ AI Expectations 2018-19

Artificial intelligence has created a lot of buzz lately, and for good reasons.

Whether your company has adapted or not, this technology has already penetrated our world. Marketers are using AI to improve their businesses.

I know what some of you are thinking. Sure, some companies use AI, but you don’t need to yet, right? Wrong.

I see this mentality far too often when I’m working with business owners.

The reality is machine learning is reshaping marketing. Think about the marketing strategies you were using ten or even five years ago. I’m willing to bet they have changed over the years.

Well, those strategies will continue to change and evolve based on new technology. AI is the next big wave.

If you do some research on AI in marketing, you’ll see lots of information geared toward companies targeting mass consumer audiences. But what about the B2B industries?

AI is penetrating the B2B world as well. In fact, 80% of B2B marketing executives believe artificial intelligence will revolutionize the industry by 2020.

2020

But this new technology comes with its fair share of challenges.

Even though the majority of these marketing executives know how much of an impact AI will have on their industries, only 26% of respondents say they are confident in their abilities to use AI for marketing.

That was my inspiration for this guide.

Artificial intelligence is a broad term with many different aspects. I’ve already shown you the marketing skills you need to survive in the age of AI.

Now, I’ll explain what B2B marketers are expecting from AI as we close out 2018 and enter 2019. You can find ways to leverage AI by applying the same strategies in your own business.

Anticipate prospective customers

Artificial intelligence makes it much easier for businesses to collect data.

As we continue through this guide, you’ll see multiple examples of how this information can be put to use.

With B2B marketing, it’s not always easy to find new customers. That’s because your target market is much more specific than that of most B2C companies.

Even if you’ve identified the types of businesses you want to target, you may not always be able to find them.

Plus, if you find a potential client, they may not be currently in the market for your products, services, or solutions. Maybe they already have existing relationships with another vendor they’re unwilling to break, or their budget could be too tight to afford what you’re offering.

I’m sure every phone call you make and every door you knock on doesn’t land you a customer overnight.

I am sure you can relate to this struggle as a B2B marketer. That’s where AI comes into play.

By using data to find patterns, AI software can help you create a predictive analysis model.

predict

These predictions can help you anticipate prospective customers.

As a result, your marketing efforts will be much more efficient. Using these prediction models will increase your chances of getting a potential customer to convert because you’ll be aiming at qualified leads.

These are B2B consumers who have a need for what you’re offering and have the ability to pay for it as well.

If you want to take advantage of it, you should check out Zilliant. What separates Zilliant from other AI solutions is this software is specifically designed for B2B marketers.

Distinguish visitors from buyers

I’m sure you’re closely monitoring your website traffic. But you can’t assume that everyone who lands on your website is a customer or prospective customer.

AI will help you tell the difference between actual customers and people who are just visiting your site. You can target those people accordingly.

By anticipating prospective customers, which I previously discussed, you can tell whether a site visitor has buying potential or if they are navigating to your site for another reason.

AI software can monitor browsing behavior to tell you which category each unique visitor falls into.

If someone, who is not a B2B buyer, visits your site after finding you from an organic search, you don’t want to waste your marketing efforts targeting that person.

If you’re running banner ads on third-party sites by using cookies to target anyone who ever visited your site, those impressions are a waste of money if they’re seen by an irrelevant audience.

On the other hand, you can’t assume that those who didn’t convert on your website are not qualified leads.

Other factors could have prevented a visitor from converting. Take a look at the top pain points in the B2B ecommerce shopping process:

pain points

With artificial intelligence software monitoring browsing behaviors and patterns, you’ll be able to tell whether consumers with buying power are converting.

If you discover that only a low percentage of actual buyers are spending money, you could conclude certain changes need to be made on your website.

Clearly, the right people are finding your business and navigating to your site. Those are the people you want to target moving forward.

Increase ROI

I’m sure you’re all familiar with this old business expression:

“You’ve got to spend money to make money.”

Artificial intelligence software isn’t free. So yes, you’ll need to dig into your pockets if you want to leverage these strategies.

If you are looking to save some money, consider reviewing my top tactics for marketing your company on a budget.

How much will AI implementation cost you? It depends.

The price will vary based on factors such as the application, scope, and complexity. But some types of machine learning can cost upward of $100k to $300k.

You’ll be able to find solutions for less, but the bottom line is you’ll likely be paying a premium for this type of technology integration.

It should come as no surprise that 48% of business owners aren’t interested in marketing solutions driven by AI because of the high costs. This is the number one reason why marketers are hesitant to adapt.

But you need to look at the big picture here. Spending money now can help you save much more in the long run.

Here’s a look at the marketing applications with the highest profit potential from AI solutions:

ROI

Think about your current budget and expenses for these different categories and strategies.

How much are you spending on each one yearly?

If AI can help you reduce those costs by a significant percentage, the software will potentially pay for itself within just a few years or maybe even less.

After that, you’ll see a much higher ROI on these campaigns because the software you’re using will make it more efficient. I already gave some examples of this when I talked about targeting customers based on predictive analysis.

With the help of AI, IBM was able to reduce its average cost per click by 31%. In some instances, the cost reduction was as high as 71%.

Don’t be discouraged by the initial costs of AI implementation. Your B2B company will end up benefiting from a higher ROI in the long run.

Improve lead generation

Where are your leads coming from?

As I previously discussed, generating new leads isn’t always easy for B2B companies.

Some of your current lead generation strategies may not be working as well as you would like them to. You’re not alone.

Improving lead generation efforts is the number one goal for B2B marketers in the coming year:

lead generation

If you fall into this category as well, you can expect AI solutions to improve your efforts.

As I said before, AI helps collect data and monitor habits.

The same way that Netflix recommends shows based on what you’ve already watched, AI can help recommend new leads. Or even better, it can help recommend your business to those leads.

If you’re starting from scratch, you’ll need to create a customer profile for your B2B clientele. The more detailed you make this profile, the more accurate your leads will be.

For example, you’ll want to use the following parameters:

  • age of the company
  • industry
  • number of employees
  • location

The criteria for this B2B customer profile are essentially limitless. AI solutions will use these parameters to select potential leads out of a larger pool of candidates.

By pre-qualifying your leads, you will increase your chances of turning them into customers.

Enhance the buyer’s journey

Even though the majority of what I’ve talked about so far involves getting new customers, that’s not the only way B2B companies are using AI.

Artificial intelligence and machine learning can help your company enhance the customer experience during each stage of the customer lifecycle:

customer life cycle

As you can see from the graphic above, there are ways to implement this software throughout the entire buying process, including the post-conversion phase.

AI can help you reach customers by improving your content strategy.

Ad targeting, predictive analysis, re-targeting, and lead scoring can turn an indecisive consumer or a customer, who has only made one purchase, into a repeat customer.

Artificial intelligence can also help you implement a dynamic pricing model. You can generate more profits by focusing on your pricing strategy.

By improving your personalization tactics, AI can turn a repeat customer into a loyal customer, but I’ll discuss that in greater detail shortly.

Chatbots will help enhance the customer buying process. They can easily get their questions answered when browsing online.

And marketing automation will keep loyal customers buying and spending more money while knowing when and how to target lapsed customers.

More accurate personalized campaigns

As I just said, AI can help improve personalization throughout each stage of the buyer’s journey.

Are you currently running personalized campaigns? You should be.

Studies show 68% of B2B marketers are personalizing their content:

personalization

Artificial intelligence will streamline this process and make it much easier for you to appeal to current and prospective customers. Here’s what I mean.

Let’s use your email marketing strategy as an example.

Right now, you’re probably segmenting your clients based on different factors such as location, industry, and size of the company. This is a great start and will definitely give you better results than non-personalized campaigns.

But you can take this process one step further with AI.

By monitoring the browsing behavior of the clients on your email list, you can send them enhanced personalized content that fits their needs.

Just segmenting your clients into lists based on factors such as geographic location won’t tell you who is browsing for products and services valued at $50,000 compared to $5,000. AI solutions can help you tell these customers apart so they can be targeted accordingly.

Artificial intelligence can personalize the web browsing as well as mobile app usage experience of your customers.

Generate high profits from top accounts

As I just finished explaining, you can use AI to help you identify the difference between customers based on how much they spend.

Every customer is important, but, obviously, you can’t treat a customer who spends $200k annually the same as a customer who spends $3,000.

This is crucial for your profit margins. Prioritizing your top accounts is one of the best ways to increase revenue without acquiring new customers.

In fact, 60% of B2B marketers say gaining better insights from client accounts is the top benefit of using AI for marketing.

To get higher profits from your top spending customers, AI can help you improve your account-based marketing funnel:

accounts

As you can see from this image, that funnel differs from a traditional lead generation funnel.

I already explained how AI can help you identify those high-value accounts. But this technology can assist you with the other stages of the funnel as well.

You’ll use personalization tactics, previously covered, to nurture and engage with those clients.

By enhancing the buyer’s journey with AI, you will make it easier for yourself to get those customers to continue converting and spending more money. As a result, you’ll establish long-term relationships with those top accounts.

Conclusion

It’s no secret marketers are leveraging artificial intelligence to improve their businesses. This statement holds true for B2B companies as well.

As a B2B marketer, you need to recognize this and adapt accordingly.

AI can help you identify prospective customers and distinguish between buyers and website visitors.

It will improve your lead generation strategy and increase the ROI of your marketing campaigns.

Artificial intelligence will improve the buyer’s journey throughout each stage of the customer lifecycle. Ultimately, this will give your B2B clients a more personalized shopping experience.

Eventually, you can leverage AI to increase the profits from your top customers.

If you are not using AI, it’s not too late to jump on board. Even if you’re already using this technology to some extent, you can use this guide to help you take your strategies to the next level.

What expectations does your B2B company have for artificial intelligence in the coming year?



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Know Your Worth: How to Answer the Salary Requirements Question on Job Apps

Hyperbolic Discounting and You

Let’s imagine that I’ve decided to buy something from you. I’m completely trustworthy – if I say I’m going to do something, it will happen.

I give you a few choices as to how you’d like to get paid.

I can give you $20 for the item right now.

I can give you $40 for the item, but I won’t give you the cash until three months from now.

I can give you $80 for the item, but I won’t give you the cash until a year from now.

I can give you $140 for the item, but I won’t give you the cash until three years from now.

Which payment option will you choose?

Here’s the interesting part – according to Richard Thaler’s research article from 1981 in Economic Letters entitled “Some Empirical Evidence on Dynamic Inconsistency,” most subjects feel largely indifferent to these options. Most people are as happy pocketing $20 today as they are at the prospect of pocketing $140 three years from now. (I used Thaler’s numbers multiplied by a small factor to adjust for inflation and then rounded for easy understanding.)

This is called hyperbolic discounting, which means that people tend to discount the value of rewards in the future at a rate far greater than mere economics can account for. It’s particularly sharp over shorter periods, as in the example above.

If you compare these results to what you might get from a stock market investment, it’s easy to see why hyperbolic discounting is a really bad cognitive bias in terms of modern finances.

Let’s say I took that $20 and invested it in the stock market, which I can expect to return an average of 10% per year.

After three months, that $20 would grow to a whopping $20.48. Compare that to the $40 that was offered.

After a year, that $20 would grow to $22. Compare that to the $80 that was offered.

After three years, that $20 would grow to $26.62. Compare that to the $140 that was offered.

Now, 10% growth is a pretty nice low effort investment return. You’ll be hard pressed to beat it consistently, year after year. Wise financial people would happily invest almost all of their money into things that returned 10% per year like clockwork.

Yet, the average person won’t just automatically take a 1600% annual return because they won’t wait three months for the payoff. That’s the average annual return you’re getting if $20 turns into $40 in three months.

Is it really surprising that people aren’t lined up to invest everything they can to get a 10% average annual return?

Here’s another way of looking at the same issue.

Let’s say I offered to give you $20 today or $21 tomorrow, a delay in payment of a single day. Which would you take? Most would just grab that $20 today.

Now, let’s say I offered to give you $20 in thirty days or $21 in 31 days. We’re still talking about a delay in payment of a single day, but in that case, most people would take the $21 and wait an extra day.

(This phenomenon is very common and occurs at many different dollar amounts and time spans, as found in this study)

Why do these things occur? The reason’s simple: we are extremely sensitive to the short term and much less sensitive to the long term.

Waiting a day right now seems like much more of an issue than waiting a day a month from now, so we will virtually always postpone that delay.

Having $20 in hand right now sounds just as good to most people as $40 in hand three months from now. Reduce that money in three months by just a little and most people would prefer the $20 in hand right away.

This is also a key element in why we tend to procrastinate. Doing a hard task now seems unpleasant and doing something fun now seems much more pleasant. However, the difference between doing an unpleasant hard task this weekend and a pleasant fun activity this weekend seems much less impactful. So, since the impact seems much bigger now, we choose to do the fun thing. Off to Netflix we go!

Most of us practice some hyperbolic discounting by default. We do it when we’re impatient or when we procrastinate or when we choose to spend frivolously rather than investing. Hyperbolic discounting is all about weighing your current desires over your future desires and needs, even if those future desires and needs may end up being far more important and valuable.

So, how do we overcome hyperbolic discounting? While I’m far from perfect at avoiding the hyperbolic discounting trap, here are some things I do to help nip it in the bud.

I try to put my current self in the shoes of my “future self.” If I put away $20 now, is my future self twenty years from now, probably in retirement, going to be happy that there’s approximately $100 more in that retirement account? Would the feeling of having another $100 exceed whatever fleeting joy I might get out of blowing that $20 today? I try to make that vision of my future self as real as I can, and the more effective I am at it, the more desirable saving for the future becomes.

I do the same with procrastination. I try to visualize as realistically as I can what I might do this weekend if I had a big block of free time. What would that be like? Then I compare that to the time-wasting thing I might do right now and, generally, the thing on the weekend appears much better. I use that as a motivation to do hard things now, which is why my weekdays sometimes seem like they’re packed to the gills with productive activity.

Establish big long term goals, figure out a plan to get there, and think about the upside of that plan regularly. Where do you want to be in ten years? Twenty years? Make that picture as clear in your mind’s eye as you can.

Now, what can you do today to take a step closer to that goal?

For me, this is a constant motivation to do something hard today so that I can be in a better place tomorrow. I envision myself as a healthy, wealthy, and wise person enjoying early retirement, working at a charity or working on a novel or exploring a national park and feeling good and happy with my wife and with my relationship with my children and having lots of good friends. What do I need to do today to make that amazing life happen? What do I need to do today to make sure that some aspects of it start happening now?

This eats into hyperbolic discounting because I’m focusing so intently on the big long term goal. It inflates the value of that long term goal in my head, and thus changes the terms of choosing between the short term choice and the long term choice today. I’m basically putting the finger on the “long term” side of the scale to compensate for my own hyperbolic discounting.

When you’re feeling strongly motivated, make it easier to make good choices again in the near future. On a good day, I try really hard to ride that train of energy and motivation until the last drop. On a good writing day, I write and outline as much as possible so that on later days, I can devote full days to reading and brainstorming, which is a much healthier and efficient work cycle. On a high energy day, I do household tasks all day long, particularly ones that involve spending time and energy now to save money in the long run (like doing a meal prep day). This helps because then it becomes easier to make financially efficient choices down the road (with meals prepped in the freezer, I can just easily eat at home).

I try not to waste energetic days so that it’s okay for me to have lower energy days at other times and it’s also okay for me to have blocks of time later on to do more meaningful activities. I don’t feel guilty about spending a day doing hobby things on the weekend if I knocked it out of the park all week, so I try to knock it out of the park all week.

Automate, automate, automate. Whenever I’ve realized that something is clearly a good long term choice, I try my best to automate that choice so that I actually have to take action to undo it.

For example, I automatically save for retirement each month, and my wife does the same. We save automatically for things like car purchases. We pay as many of our bills automatically as we can. I’ll do things like put a meal in the slow cooker in the morning so that supper is basically “automatic” that evening.

The reason that automation is so strong is that I only have to overcome hyperbolic discounting for a moment – the moment I set up that automation. After that, I have to actually put forth more effort to undo the automation than to just keep riding the wave.

In the end, hyperbolic discounting – our bias to way overvalue the present as compared to the future – is a known bias that almost all of us have. However, financial and personal success is often the result of overcoming and resisting hyperbolic discounting.

Know that it exists, watch for it, and kick it to the curb. You’ll be glad you did.

The post Hyperbolic Discounting and You appeared first on The Simple Dollar.



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She Beat Cancer Twice, Then Started a Nonprofit to Help Those in Treatment

People Are Draining Their 401(k)s Before Retirement, and That’s a Big Mistake

It’s thousands of dollars, just sitting there with your name on it. But as tempting as it may be, your 401(k) should not be viewed as a piggy bank, available to fund everything from home renovations to tropical vacations and life’s little emergencies.

Yet, it seems that’s exactly what’s happening, and with alarming frequency.

Year to date, Americans have cashed out more than $57 billion in retirement savings early, according to the National Retirement Savings Cash Out Clock. And that number is increasing every minute of every day.

The bulk of those cash-outs are the result of people changing jobs — and, instead of rolling over their retirement funds into a new account, simply pulling the money out and paying whatever penalties they incur.

That can have detrimental consequences to their retirement security, say experts, who add that next to not contributing to an employer-sponsored retirement plan at all, cashing out is quite possibly the single most harmful action you can take if the ultimate goal is to achieve a financially secure retirement.

To be clear, we’re not talking about people tapping their 401(k)s because they’ve reached retirement — just those who are taking early distributions or withdrawing a portion of the money for purposes other than retirement. And there are many reasons why this is a bad idea.

The 10% Penalty

Let’s start with the most obvious drawback first. Taking an early distribution from a 401(k) plan — or an IRA, for that matter — almost always results in a 10% penalty right off the bat from the Internal Revenue Service.

As the IRS makes clear, withdrawing retirement funds before age 59 ½ generally results in an additional early distribution tax of 10%, on top of any other income taxes owed.

There are some exceptions, such as death or disability, and Roth IRAs offer additional flexibility. But in most cases, you’re going to immediately lose 10% — {poof!} — of any retirement funds you decide to take out early.

That’s a pretty steep surcharge to pay on money you worked hard to earn. And it’s just one of the penalties you’ll incur if you cash out early.

Increased Taxable Income

If the IRS lopping 10% off the top of your early distribution doesn’t discourage you from pulling money out of a retirement plan, here’s another substantial drawback to keep in mind: Retirement account withdrawals can dramatically increase your annual taxable income, explained Gage Kemsley, vice president of New Mexico-based Oxford Wealth Advisors.

“Distributions are added to whatever other income an individual earns, and because the U.S. tax rates are progressive, employees pulling from their retirement accounts early experience much higher tax brackets than they usually would,” explained Kemsley.

For example, the top tax rate for a married couple earning $75,000 in annual household income would be 12%. However, if they cashed out a $50,000 401(k) in the same year, almost all of that extra income would fall into the next bracket up ($77,401-$165,000), and thus be taxed at a higher 22% rate.

Lost Years of Compounding Interest

Undeniably, one of the biggest drawbacks associated with draining money from a retirement plan during the course of your life is the years and years of lost compound interest.

“Most significantly, the amount cashed out loses the potential for investment growth,” Sandy Blair, chairperson of the National Association of Government Defined Contribution Plan Administrators (NAGDCA) National Retirement Security Week committee and CalSTRS Director of Retirement Readiness.

Blair provided the following example to underscore her point:

A 35-year-old withdrawing $15,000 from an employer-sponsored retirement account, assuming a federal tax rate of 22% and a state tax rate of 5% (total of $4,050) and including the 10% withdrawal penalty ($1,500), ends up with about $9,450.

However, if that money went untouched and assuming a conservative annual return of 4% growth, that $15,000 left in the retirement account until age 65 would’ve grown 224%, to $49,702.

“Given the grim statistics for retirement security – one in three Americans have less than $5,000 saved, and 74% are unprepared for retirement — Americans can ill afford cashing out their retirement plan,” added Blair.

Better Alternatives

Many of these cash-outs happen when people change jobs. During a big transition like that, it’s easy to choose what sounds like the simplest option: cutting all ties and receiving a nice fat check in the mail.

But most 401(k)s allow you to either keep your money in the existing plan, roll it into your new employer’s 401(k), or roll it into an IRA, all of which are generally better long-term options.

If you do need a cash infusion, meanwhile, many employer-sponsored retirement plans allow participants to take a 401(k) loan instead of simply cashing out, which can be a somewhat better option.

Such loans involve essentially borrowing against yourself and paying the money back over time on a specific repayment schedule. The vast majority of employer-sponsored 401(k) programs allow them.

“You’re usually able to take the lesser of $50,000 or half of the account’s value and pay that over a five-year time frame at a fairly low interest rate of one or two points above the prime,” said Tom Lenkiewicz, senior wealth planning consultant with BMO Wealth Management.

The upshot of this approach is that the interest on the loan is money you’re paying to yourself, not to a bank, and it goes back into your retirement fund. Still, before doing this, it’s a good idea to compare the rates you might be able to get on other types of loans, such as a home equity loan or line of credit.

Yet another option, if you have a cash flow problem, is to adjust the withholdings from your paycheck, suggested Lenkiewicz. It’s a much simpler approach and one that may make sense if you typically receive a sizable tax refund each year.

One last, important consideration for those eyeing a retirement fund cash-out: There are a few instances when you can typically withdraw money from a 401(k) or IRA and avoid that nasty 10% IRS penalty. They usually cover such things as excessive healthcare expenses and first-time home purchases.

“You’re still going to pay income tax on it,” said Blair. “And I still wouldn’t encourage it. But if you absolutely have to do it, I would look at only doing it for one of those qualifying events.”

A Lifestyle Out of Control

Nearly all of the financial experts interviewed for this story noted that an individual’s need to withdraw money from a 401(k) to pay for living expenses is typically indicative of a larger problem. In other words, it may be time to take a long, hard look at your overall financial behavior.

The same lack of discipline that leads to tapping a 401(k) or an IRA as a piggy bank is often causing other problems as well.

“While this isn’t always the case, a premature distribution is usually followed by increased spending, increased debt and late payments,” said Kemsley. “Because retirement accounts are ‘up for grabs,’ other areas of financial discipline suffer as well. Many who take early distributions fail to properly account for taxes and are forced to take another distribution come tax time to cover the tax bill, which only compounds the issue.”

These same people will frequently turn to credit cards or short-term lending to cover expenses, and soon their finances have spiraled out of control, Kemsley added.

A far better alternative is to think of retirement funds like a locked fire extinguisher — break the glass only if facing a dire financial emergency. Otherwise, hands off, said Kemsley.

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