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الثلاثاء، 15 مايو 2018

15 Ways to Make Money in College

Memories of college include eating beef ramen noodles by the case in order to save a few bucks. Here are some great saving money tips that can help, other than filling up on noodles!

I was fortunate that the Army National Guard paid for most of my tuition plus my mall job of selling vitamins and protein powders at GNC helped with my bills, yes I had debt, but just like me, you can pay your debt off too!

Despite this I always felt broke. Scratch that, I was broke! I was always looking for ways to make extra money in college. Oh how I wish articles like this existed back then!

Even if you have your finances carefully planned in advance, sooner or later you’re going to find yourself needing ways to make money fast to get you through college.

I’m going to recommend some money making methods that are more entrepreneurial than job-related.

The problem with holding a job in college is that they typically pay no better than minimum wage, which forces you to work long hours that cut into your study time.

I’m also not going to recommend some of the standard make-money-in-college ideas, like donating blood or selling on eBay. There are so many more creative ideas to choose from than those.

Instead, I’m going to make recommendations that can play into your natural talents, provide you with a flexible schedule, and hold the potential to earn a lot more money than a minimum-wage job. And some of them even have the potential to grow into businesses that you can continue after graduation.

Good deal? Check these out…

1. Drive for Uber

Have a nice car? Put it to good use and drive for Uber.

Uber is a company that connects riders with drivers – and drivers with riders! Uber allows riders to request a ride from their smartphone. That’s when you, the driver, get a notification letting you know there’s someone that needs a ride.

You can track how much you earn as a driver through the Uber app, and best yet, you can set your own schedule. So, if you’re in college and meet Uber’s qualifications, this is a great opportunity for you. Learn more about how to become an Uber driver by visiting our post.

You might also want to try driving for Lyft, a similar company.

Either way, you can make quite a bit of money as a driver for these services. Just make sure to check your local regulations to ensure you can operate as a driver in your area.

2. Tutor

Being a tutor can be especially lucrative in a college community. This is because you will be able to provide your services not only to college students but also to local high school and elementary school students. In many markets, you can earn at least $30 per hour.

Another advantage is that the subject areas you can cover are pretty broad. The greatest demand is usually for math and science, but you can also tutor in writing and reading, as well as history and soft sciences. If you’re bilingual, you may even be able to tutor in languages, or with English as a second language.

Tutors don’t typically require any kind of special education or licensing. You can market your services through the various departments around the campus, as well as local high schools, middle schools, and elementary schools. A simple flyer showing your subject areas, geographic range and a personal description can do the job. You can also include your hourly fee, but that can work for or against you, depending on how competitive your fee is compared to what others are offering.

In addition to high pay, you can have control over your work schedule, as well as where it is you will commute to (services are generally provided at the student’s home, but you can also arrange to do it in school or at an agreed-upon neutral site). Still another advantage is that the work runs with the school year, so you’ll be free over summer vacation.

Tiffany Alexy of DivvyInvestments.com tutored while in college. In fact, she tutored two kids in Spanish and three brothers in Chinese! How much did she make? $15-$35 per hour. Not bad it all! It pays to use your skills (in this case, knowing multiple languages) to tutor others.

Pauline Paquin of ReachFinancialIndependence.com also tutored while in college, teaching Spanish and English and earned around $30 per hour. Pauline also put her musical abilities to good use and taught piano for $40 per hour. $40 per hour!

3. Babysitting

As ordinary as this sounds, it can actually work quite well for college students. This is because babysitting often involves long periods of low- or no-activity, such as when the kids you are sitting are doing homework or have gone off the bed. The benefit is that this downtime will give you time to do your own homework. In can seem as if you’re getting paid to do your homework, which is no small advantage.

Pay is generally in the $10 and $12 an hour range, but you can get more for special occasions, and sometimes even collect tips over and above regular pay. And since babysitting gigs usually happen on an as-needed basis, you won’t have a grueling schedule to keep. That can make the work easy to blend with your school schedule.

There are many ways to get babysitting gigs. One place to start is care.com – a site that helps connect families with caregivers, which can include childcare as well as elderly care. 

4. Freelance Writing

There are tens of thousands of blogs and websites on the Internet, and many of them need content on a regular basis. If you like to write, have good writing skills, and have command of one or more topic areas, you can earn money writing articles on the web.

How much you can earn will depend upon how much time you put into the venture, as well as the types of sites that you write for. On the blogging side, you can earn anywhere from $30 to well over $100 per article. Business websites may pay even more, particularly for writing on technical topics or creating marketing copy.

You can sometimes find work writing for agencies, but the pay per article is much lower than the numbers quoted above. The best way to find clients, particularly those who pay a decent amount, is to approach those clients and websites directly. This will also provide you with the ability to choose the specific sites and topic areas that you want to write about.

5. Create Videos for YouTube

This can be excellent venture if you are creative and have a flair for capturing what’s unusual, interesting and fun. If you can, you may be able to create videos that can generate a steady flow of views, and earn advertising revenue as a result.

This isn’t anything like a job or even providing a service, but more like a business. You create videos, put them on YouTube, set them up with Google AdSense (much as you would with a blog), then earn income as people view your video, and click on the ads displayed.

Should your videos draw thousands of viewers, the income can be steady, providing you with a regular monthly income from the ads. This will require that you produce multiple videos, since some may be popular, while others may go nowhere. But if one or more of your videos goes viral and draws hundreds of thousands of views, ad revenue can be substantial.

The disadvantage is that you may need to produce several videos before you generate a steady income. You will also need to create fresh videos as existing ones fade. But an unexpected bonus is that success in this venture could translate into a profitable business both now and after graduation.

6. Do What You’re Good At

We’re talking mostly about the Internet here. College students are often more savvy in navigating and using the web than most of the rest of the population. For example, along the way you may have become quite accomplished in regard to social media, graphic design, creating websites, or creating videos. Any one of these skills could be sold to both businesses and individuals with the potential to produce a large income.

Pick your specialization, see what others are charging the same services, then set your fees a little bit lower. Many businesses and individuals are looking for someone to handle special projects for them, and being able to do that at a low fee can often get you business.

Once you get a few projects going, and you are getting repeat customers, you can look into increasing your fees. But your primary purpose at the beginning will be get some paying clients. This is another business venture that could mushroom into something more serious after graduation.

7. Becoming a Sports Referee

Virtually every community has a network of recreational athletic leagues, and they all need referees for their games. If you played any sports when you were growing up, you could be a referee for any of them at the local level. And since sports are seasonal, it will be to your advantage to be prepared to referee for sports that cover different seasons. For example, you might referee basketball in winter, baseball in spring and summer, and soccer or football in the fall. That will keep you busy year-round.

Referees are typically paid a flat fee per game. You might earn anywhere from $20-$50 to referee a single game. The lower age groups that play shorter games (maybe 40 to 60 minutes) will be on the lower end of the pay scale, while the higher earnings will come on longer and more competitive games played by older kids. It may even be possible to eventually work your way up to where you are refereeing for high school games at higher rates of pay.

Since so few people want to be referees in amateur sports leagues, there are usually plenty of openings. No formal qualifications are usually required, other than your own knowledge of- and experience with- the sport, though some leagues may require completion of a first aid course of some sort.

Once you sign up to be a referee in a league, you are added to the rotation. Games will be assigned based on your availability, and will generally take place on weekends. If you love a sport or two, becoming a referee is a way of turning your passion for it into a source of income.

8. Mow Lawns

If you’re in college and have access to a truck, a lawn mower, and an edger, make use of those tools and mow lawns!

This is a fantastic business for college students living in sunny areas where the grass grows quickly. And, because grass grows faster during the summertime than any other season, you’ll be able to run your yard maintenance business while you don’t have any classes.

At this job, you’re going to have to be fast and skilled. There is a lot of competition out there, so make sure you do a great job for your clients, be polite, and throw in some extras like weeding or blowing off the walkways.

You’re probably not going to need a business license for mowing lawns, but be sure to check with your local government to see if you do.

You might be able to get $100 per month for weekly service. Let’s say that you do. If you mow a residential lawn and it takes you an hour, that means you’re making $25 per hour – not including preparation or driving time. That’s not bad at all.

Try mowing lawns to make money in college. It’s worth giving it a shot.

9. Housesitting

Summertime is also a great season to do some housesitting for folks vacationing at the beach (or wherever else they are). There are a few reasons why people want someone to housesit. Let’s explore them.

First, many people want someone to watch their house because they actually want them to watch their pets! Many pets don’t go on vacation (like cats), so they’ll need their litter box cleaned, water dish filled, and food dish filled on a regular basis. Sometimes this means coming at least once per day.

Second, some people like the idea of having someone they trust monitor the house for security purposes. While they probably won’t expect you to bust out your ninja moves on intruders, they will expect you to call them, the police, or the fire department should something suspicious or dangerous happen.

Some homeowners simply want someone to take care of the pets and monitor the home. If they’re cool with it, you can even do some studying for classes while you’re housesitting.

This job probably won’t pay very well if you look at it from the perspective of an hourly rate, but remember, you’re probably not doing very much while you’re there anyway.

Let people know you’re available to housesit by posting about it on bulletin boards at community centers and tell your friends and family.

10. Be a Virtual Assistant

Virtual assistants help business owners get more stuff done. What makes a great virtual assistant? Here’s what you need to know.

Great virtual assistants are fantastic at organization. They live and breathe it every day. Just about aspect of their lives are organized, and believe it or not, many successful entrepreneurs need the help of virtual assistants to keep everything going in the right direction.

The tasks a virtual assistant might help with might include but aren’t limited to:

  • Organizing a business owner’s calendar.
  • Managing virtual employees or freelancers.
  • Maintaining a business task list.
  • Orchestrating speaking engagements, meetings, or events.
  • Completing research on behalf of the business owner.
  • Reminding the business owner of their schedule to keep them on task.

These are just some of the main ways a virtual assistant can help. But there are others.

Virtual assistants are often skilled writers, designers, or tech experts. Sometimes they help lend their skills to build something online for the business owner.

Truly, how you define yourself as a virtual assistant matters. Seek out your very best skills, advertise them, and see what happens.

11. Blog!

Yes, you can make money blogging. If you would have asked me years ago if you could, I would have probably said no way. But today? Yeah, I would believe you.

That’s because I’ve found tremendous success with blogging. I believe you can make money blogging, and while it may take you several months or years to see results, it’s a fun and rewarding experience.

If you can write, and you’re passionate about a topic, you can blog. WordPress is a popular blogging platform you can use to create a free blog. If you want to host the website yourself, you’re probably going to have to pay a few bucks, but it’s worth it.

If you’re going to make money blogging, you have to have great content. Whatever you do, don’t write just for the sake of writing or earning money. Produce content that you can be proud of and will help other people.

It helps to get the advice of some other bloggers before you start. Study their tactics and discover what worked well for them. The most important tip I can give you is to never stop learning. Search engines are continually updating their search algorithms which in turn affects your website traffic. And, your website traffic affects your ability to earn money.

The other great thing about blogging? You can do it anytime, day or night. Many jobs require you to be at a certain place at a certain time. As a blogger, you can be anywhere there’s an internet connection and write anytime. It’s one of the most flexible jobs available.

So, if you aren’t pressed to make a lot of immediate income, and you like the idea of being free to work whenever it fits with your schedule, then blogging might be the ticket.

By the way, if you’re into finance and you want to blog about it, I encourage you to attend the Financial Blogger Conference. There, you’ll learn from top bloggers and financial experts about the topics that interest you. Why take the long road when you can attend a conference and learn from the best?

12. Bartending/Serving in a High End Restaurant or Club

You probably have a good idea as to what bartenders and servers do, so I won’t spend any time on that. However, the type of establishment you work in will have a huge impact on how much money you earn. High-end establishments typically come with much higher tip income, while those on the lower end could be no better than minimum wage.

Bartending and serving can also be a good way of blending your social life, at least if you work at establishments that your friends frequent. It also has the benefit of paying daily (or more likely, nightly), since most of your pay comes in cash tips.

The downside is that you may find yourself working when everyone else is out relaxing or playing. For example, dinner shifts tend to be the best for servers, and weekends are generally better paying for bartenders. The work can be tough, but you can probably make more money working two or three shifts per week than you could working for five days a week in a minimum-wage job.

Bartending may require that you complete a bartending course, though there generally are no formal requirements for a server.

13. Become a Handyman

Are your friends always calling you up asking you how to fix this or that? Do you have more tools than your local hardware store? You just might be a handyman – why not put your skills to good use?

You can do all kinds of jobs as a handyman, including but not limited to: plumbing jobs, construction jobs, woodworking, and much more. Some of these jobs you might need to be licensed for, so be sure to check with your local government.

Just imagine the possibilities. You might have yourself two career paths to choose from by the time you’re done with college: to continue your handyman business or to follow the career related to your major. The choice will be yours! The more doors you have available to walk through in your career, the better.</p

14. Help Out at the College

Colleges love hiring students to do all kinds of tasks around campus. For example, you might help out with some of the janitorial duties or serve as a secretary or receptionist. You might enjoy overseeing a dormitory or providing security for the college. Make sure to ask your college about the opportunities that are available to you.

Professors also sometimes need help with some of the technical aspects of their jobs. Ask them to see if there’s anything they might need help with. You might help them with preparing slideshow presentations or creating homework documents.

The great thing about working at a college is that they understand you take classes and can’t be in two places at once. You might find the work programs are available after classes and/or on the weekends – exactly what you’re after!

Todd Tresidder of FinancialMentor.com worked a number of jobs for a university to help pay his living expenses. He cooked dinners for a fraternity, spent summertime digging steam trenches, and did other manual labor jobs and major maintenance projects. He used the cash to pay for his books and other expenses. He said working for the university was a fast way to make money because he could live for almost for free during the summer while housing prices were low.

Rachel of AdventuresinMobileHomes.com was hired by her school to take notes in class. These notes would then be repackaged and sold to students. What an excellent idea! Many students aren’t great notetakers, so why not see if your college would be interested in doing this for their students?

If you need to make money in college, don’t be so quick to take a minimum-wage job at a local big-box or fast food joint. Instead, think about what you can do – and what you like to do – and how you can turn that into an income source. That will enable you to both earn higher income, and have greater control of your time.

15. Take Online Surveys

Who wouldn’t want to make some money while you’re sitting on your couch watching Netflix? Sounds like a dream, right? Well, now that dream can be reality. Thanks to the Internet, there are dozens and dozens of ways that you can make money from behind your computer, and working with a survey site is a great way to do that.

There are dozens and dozens of different survey panels on the Internet that you can join. The idea behind these websites is simple. All that you have to do is create an account, and then wait for your invites. You’ll get an invite, you complete a survey, you get paid. Every website is different on how they will pay you and how much you’re going to make for each completed survey. Some sites are going to give you straight cash for every survey, while others are going to offer you points.

You can use those points to redeem for gift cards to transfer them into cash. Each site has different advantages and disadvantages to their program. Instead of wasting hours and hours researching different websites and creating accounts, I’ve done all of that dirty work for you. I’ve reviewed several of the most popular online survey websites and have outlined the pros and cons of each of them.

ways for college students to make money

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Meghan Markle Once Did Calligraphy as a Side Gig — So Can You


Future royalty — they’re just like us!

Before she landed a role on “Suits,” Meghan Markle, the soon-to-be member of the royal family, had a side gig: calligrapher.

Between 2004 and 2005, while Markle was working towards her big acting break, she taught calligraphy, gift-wrapping and book-binding at a Paper Source store in Beverly Hills.

In a 2013 interview with Glamour magazine, Markle revealed that she attended an all-girls Catholic school that taught penmanship classes. In true Penny Hoarder fashion, she turned that skill into extra cash.

“When I was auditioning at the onset, instead of waiting tables, I did calligraphy,” Markle told the magazine.

On top of her part-time gig at the stationery shop, Markle also did freelance calligraphy work such as wedding invitations. Her most famous client? None other than the famous “Blurred Lines” singer Robin Thicke.

And while her upcoming nuptials have not required her calligraphy skills — thanks to the royal warrant held by London-based printing company Barnard & Westwood, which printed the invitations — it’s pretty cool that she could have done them herself.

With the average price of wedding invitations ranging from $2 to $5 dollars an envelope, it’s difficult to deny that calligraphy can be a pretty lucrative side hustle.

Maybe you’ve always had neat handwriting or you’re looking for a creative outlet that will earn you some extra cash. If so, channel your inner Markle and give calligraphy a try.

You can check out this post to learn all about the ins and outs of adding calligraphy to your list of side hustles. It will tell you all about supplies, how to practice and ways to grow your new-found business.

And if you’re skeptical that you could ever become a paid calligrapher, don’t take my word for it — take Markle’s.

She told Esquire that the number one thing when learning calligraphy is taking your time.

“Just do fluid strokes, you don’t have to have a fancy pen by any means,” Markle told the magazine. “And here’s the other thing, you have to write in a way that’s authentic to you.”

After all, if Meghan Markle, a part-time calligrapher turned actress turned future Duchess (Princess? Lady? Who knows?) can do it, why can’t you?

Kaitlyn Blount is a staff writer at The Penny Hoarder. Since she doesn’t have a royally appointed printer on call, she might take up calligraphy just to avoid paying $5 a pop for her upcoming wedding invitations.

This was originally published on The Penny Hoarder, which helps millions of readers worldwide earn and save money by sharing unique job opportunities, personal stories, freebies and more. The Inc. 5000 ranked The Penny Hoarder as the fastest-growing private media company in the U.S. in 2017.



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Should You Use a 401k Loan to Pay Off Your Credit Cards?

What do you think my answer is to the above question? Does the screenshot below give you an indication? It better!

I cringe anytime someone asks me this question. Don’t do it. If you need a couple of other options, watch the video or read below.

Whatever you do, don’t use your 401k money to pay off your credit cards. When you’re paying those credit card bills every month, it can be tempting to pay off those bills anyway possible. There are a few accounts that are off-limits.

Your 401k is the main engine behind your retirement vehicle. It’s vital you are properly managing your 401k account. I get a lot of questions about taking out a loan from 401k. This could be one of the worst mistakes you make for your retirement.

You might have found yourself with thousands of dollars of debt. Credit card debt can put a serious strain on your finances. There are several ways to address this challenge.


2 Alternatives to Borrowing from 401K

Get a personal loan from your local bank.

You might be asking yourself why you are taking on more debt to pay off old debt.  Don’t.  Think of it as consolidating and reducing the interest rate on your loan.  I recently had a reader that followed my advice and shaved her interest rate by 10%.  If you haven’t hurt your credit you can use a balance transfer card and some of the cards will give you airline points for any future purchases.

Once upon a time, getting a loan from the bank was a long and frustrating headache. Thanks to all of the various options and products from banks, getting a personal loan has never been easier.

In fact, there are plenty of banks where you can apply and be approved for a loan online. You don’t even have to step foot in a bank. Not only is it easier to get a loan online, but you can also be approved for lower rates.

If you decide to get a loan through a bank, always compare dozens of banks before you decide which one is best for you. Every bank is different, all of them are going to offer different rates and have different fees.

Consider Peer to Peer Lending. 

P2P lending is becoming a mainstay in the financial services industry.   The leading peer to peer lender is Lending Club having issued over $1 billion of loans.

Getting a loan through Lending Club is simple. You’ll need to provide some basic personal information, like SSN and address, as well as employment and income information. There are a few requirements you’ll have to meet:

  • Credit score of at least 600
  • Three years of credit history
  • Max debt-to-income ratio of 40%

As long as you meet these requirements, you should have no problems. You can secure loans anywhere from $1,000 to $25,000. In most cases, Lending Club is quick about approving applications. In most cases, the application will be approved in less than a week. After that, all you have to do is wait for the investors to back your loan.

There are several advantages to going with a P2P loan versus a traditional bank loan. One of the most notable is you’re going to get a lower rate with a P2P company compared to what you get with a brick-and-mortar bank.

If Lending Club doesn’t work for you, there are several other excellent P2P sites out there. Sites like Prosper or Lending Tree are excellent alternatives.

Another reader who was currently paying over 25% on her credit cards emailed me asking about cashing in her 401k to pay off her credit cards. (She’s the one that inspired me to film the video).  I suggested she check out Lending Club which she did immediately.

A few days later I received this email:

Lending club loan

Boom! That’s how you save money and not jeopardize your financial future.

(You can also consider Prosper, another P2P lender.)

There are several reasons taking out a loan on a 401k is a bad idea. If you were to get fired or quit your job before you’ve paid the loan, you’ll then have 60 days to pay back the full amount of your loan. If you don’t get it paid, the IRS is going to treat the loan as a withdrawal from the account. If you’ve considered using your 401k to pay off some credit card, explore these alternatives first.

Tips for Paying Off Credit Cards

In some cases, you don’t have to take out a loan to pay off your credit card bills. Making a couple of financial tweaks or lifestyle changes can give you the extra cash you need to pay off those credit card bills.

The first thing you should do is pay off the highest APR first. Paying off the card with the highest interest rate will save you a lot of money over the long haul. After you have the first one paid off, move onto the card with the next highest APR.

Start a budget. If you don’t know where your money is going, then you don’t know where you could be wasting money. If the idea of creating a budget makes you want to hit your head against a door, don’t worry, there are several easy ways you can create a budget

Having a budget (and sticking to it) can show you areas where you can trim back your spending. You can use all of the extra money to pay off some of your credit card bills. Most people are surprised to see how much they are spending every month.

After you’ve created your budget, you have to do something with it. Look for two or three areas where you can cut back or eliminate completely. Paying off your credit card bills is going to require some sacrifices. 

When you’re trying to eliminate those debts, it’s important you stop using your credit card. Put the card in the freezer or chop it up. Do whatever you have to keep from racking up even more debts on the card.

As I mentioned above, getting your debts in one place is a great way to help pay off your credit card bills. Consolidating your debts can save you money on your interest rates. If you can find a balance transfer card which fits your needs, this is one of the best ways to pay off your debts without paying a fortune in interest.

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Here’s How to Get a Kids’ Book From Barnes & Noble — Totally Free


No matter how intent your kids are on staying outdoors this summer, there are going to be rainy days.

And now that I’m thinking about it, in today’s screen-mediated world, maybe it’s a challenge to get your kids to go outside in the first place.

Either way, there will be summer days when kids populate your couch. Wouldn’t it be great if there were a book in their hands instead of your phone?

Better yet: Wouldn’t it be great if you got that book for free?

Free Summer Reading for Kids at Barnes & Noble

The Barnes & Noble Summer Reading Program is back for the 22nd year in a row. That means children in grades one through six will once again have the chance to earn free books.

All your kids have to do is read any eight books this summer and record them in this Summer Reading Journal.

Then, help them bring it to your local Barnes & Noble, where they’ll choose from a selection of free books, divided by grade level.

This is not a ploy to get subpar books off the shelves — these are titles you and your kids actually want in your collection. I mean, Judy Moody!

The program runs from May 15 to Sept. 3. Be sure to check with your neighborhood location to make sure it’s participating.

Jamie Cattanach (@jamiecattanach) is a writer whose work has been featured in “DMQ Review,” “Sweet: A Literary Confection” and elsewhere. Editorial assistant Jessica Gray updated this post.

This was originally published on The Penny Hoarder, which helps millions of readers worldwide earn and save money by sharing unique job opportunities, personal stories, freebies and more. The Inc. 5000 ranked The Penny Hoarder as the fastest-growing private media company in the U.S. in 2017.



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50 ways to boost your savings income: boost your retirement income

50 ways to boost your savings income: boost your retirement income

From switching current accounts to seeking out dividend-paying funds, Moneywise rounds up 50 top tips to boost your income by making your savings work harder for you.

Here are 10 ways to boost your savings by boosting your retirement income. See the our guide 50 ways to boost your savings income for the rest.

41. Get free cash from your employer

Not joining your workplace pension is effectively saying no to a pay rise. Under auto-enrolment rules, your employer must pay 2% (from April this year) of your qualifying salary into a pension alongside your minimum 3% contribution – but you won’t get your employer’s contribution if you opt out. Some employers will pay more, often matching what you pay, subject to a cap.

42. Get free cash from the government

To encourage us to save, you also get tax relief on your pension contributions equivalent to your rate of income tax. This means it costs basic-rate taxpayers £80 to save £100 and just £60 for savers paying the higher rate.

43. Max out pensions

The combination of tax relief and employer contributions makes pensions the most sensible way to save for retirement and boost your eventual income. Each year, you can save up to 100% of your earnings, subject to a £40,000 cap. The lifetime allowance limits the amount you can accrue before tax penalties apply. From April 2018, this is £1.03 million (up from £1 million). It might feel like a squeeze now, but your older self will thank you for it when you retire on a substantially higher income.

44. Don’t treat your pension like a piggy bank

From the age of 55, you can take ad hoc lump sums out of your pension (‘uncrystallised fund pension lump sums’), and many people do, whether it’s to do work on their homes or help family members. However, just because you can access this pot that doesn’t mean you should. The more you take out while you are still working, the less you’ll have to generate an income when you retire. You will also pay income tax on it, as only the first 25% of a withdrawal is paid tax free. It is worth noting that if you access your pension the amount you can pay in each year is reduced from £40,000 to £4,000. Bear this in mind if you plan to bump bonuses or other windfalls into your pension in the final years of your career.

45. Think twice before you take your tax-free cash

When you go into drawdown or buy an annuity you have the opportunity to take 25% of your pension as a tax-free lump sum. This is useful if you have some big expenses, but again you need to consider the impact it will have on your income. According to retirement income specialist Retirement Advantage, the average annuity income for a 65-year-old with a £100,000 pension pot is £5,350 a year. However, if 25% tax free cash was taken and they only had £75,000 left to buy an annuity they would only get an income of £4,012 a year.

46. Shop around for annuities

Whether you are using all or some of your pension to buy guaranteed income, it’s essential to shop around for the best deal. Also declare any health problems or habits (such as smoking) that will reduce your life expectancy. It could boost your income by as much as 30% to 40%, depending on your circumstances.

47. Keep your expectations realistic

You may choose to keep your pension invested in retirement and draw an income from it. However, if this money needs to last for life, you must not withdraw more than you can afford. Research by Retirement Advantage suggests that while people think they can afford to withdraw 7% a year, a sustainable rate is likely to be closer to 3.5%. As soon as you withdraw more than your pot’s natural yield, you start eating into capital, at which point its ability to generate income starts to reduce.

48. Consider deferring your state pension

You do not have to claim your state pension as soon as you are eligible. If you reached state pension age after 6 April 2016, you get an uplift of 1% for every nine weeks that you defer. This works out at 5.8% over a year and provides an additional £479 every year. The deal is better for people who reached state pension age before 6 April 2016, who get 1% for every five weeks deferred, providing an uplift of £661 a year. Whether this makes sense for you ultimately depends on whether you live long enough to recoup lost payments during the period you deferred. If you have already started claiming state pension, you can still defer and restart it at a later date.

49. Track down lost pensions

The average person has 11 jobs over their working life, according to the Department for Work and Pensions, and over time it’s easy to lose track of some of the schemes you’ve paid into. Indeed, the government department reckons there’s some £400 million languishing in lost pension plans. If you’ve lost track of a pot, contact the Pension Tracing Service to reclaim it, on 0800 1223 170 or at Pensiontracingservice.com.

50. Buy Moneywise magazine…

… or sign up to our newsletter at Moneywise.co.uk for all the latest personal finance and investment news. Whether you want to boost your income now, or you’re saving for a bigger income when you retire, Moneywise’s features, guides, awards and expert recommendations will help you on your way. Just enter your email in the box below to subscribe to the newsletter. If you'd like a subscription to the magazine, have a look at your options.

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50 ways to boost your savings income: keep on top of your investments

Spot the dog – deceptively poor performing funds named and shamed

From switching current accounts to seeking out dividend-paying funds, Moneywise rounds up 50 top tips to boost your income by making your savings work harder for you.

Here are four ways to boost your savings by keeping on top of your investments. See the our guide 50 ways to boost your savings income for the rest.

37. Review your investments regularly

It doesn’t make sense to obsess over your investments – you’ll only stress over every market wobble. However, you shouldn’t go to the opposite extreme and ignore your investments either. Review your portfolio once a year (or twice if you’re approaching retirement) to check your investments are on target and still reflect your attitude to risk. If a fund is underperforming, try to find out why, and if it has underperformed its peers for a consistent period of time you may want to switch.

38. Watch out for ‘dog funds’

Online platform BestInvest regularly monitors funds that consistently underperform in its ‘Spot the Dog’ research. This year, 26 funds with total holdings worth £6.4 billion were named and shamed. To get this tag, a fund needs to have underperformed its market for three consecutive years and by more than 5% in that period. Current dogs include Neptune Global Income and UBS Global Enhanced Income, as well as Aberdeen Standard’s UK Equity and UK Equity Income funds. At the other end of the spectrum, BestInvest tipped some ‘Pedigree Picks’ including Liontrust Special Situations – a Moneywise First 50 fund – and LF Lindsell Train UK Equity Income, which achieved returns of 16% and 13% over their benchmarks respectively.

39. Reap the benefits of paying for advice

Financial advice is not cheap – broadly speaking you can expect to pay between 1% and 2% of the assets you’re investing. However, a good independent financial adviser should be able to recoup those costs with better, risk-controlled performance, guidance on contribution levels and tax-planning strategies. In 2017, research from the International Longevity Centre found that affluent individuals who seek advice end up around £43,000 better off than those that don’t. Less wealthy individuals who sought advice were £39,000 better off.

40. Check you are paying the correct rate of tax

There are many reasons why you end up paying the wrong amount of tax – you may have just started a new job or made a withdrawal from your pension and paid an emergency rate of tax. It may be that you have more than one job or are a retiree with more than one pension. The self-employed can easily get caught out too – particularly if you have a change of circumstances. There may just have been an administration error with your tax code. Whatever your situation, it pays to check if you are concerned – either with your employer or by calling the HMRC tax helpline on 0300 200 3300. If there has been a mistake a refund will be arranged. Find out more at Gov.uk/tax-codes.

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50 ways to boost your savings income: investment charges and tax breaks

50 ways to boost your savings income: investment charges and tax breaks

From switching current accounts to seeking out dividend-paying funds, Moneywise rounds up 50 top tips to boost your income by making your savings work harder for you.

Here are seven ways to boost your savings through investment charges and tax breaks for sophisticated investors. See the our guide 50 ways to boost your savings income for the rest.

30. Choose the right platform for your Isa

An online Isa that lets you invest across a range of funds makes it easy to manage your portfolio. However, platforms have different charging structures, so don’t pay more than you need – it will only eat into your returns. Some charge a fixed percentage of your portfolio, others a flat fee. Flat fees can be expensive for smaller investors, but will make more sense for those investing larger sums. Find out how much you’ll have to pay for trading funds and shares too. What is good value for one investor may not be for another.

31. Be aware of fund management fees

Fund managers charge a fee to manage your money – but higher fees don’t necessarily mean better performance. To compare the costs, you should look for a fund’s ongoing charge figure or OCF. All bar one of the Moneywise First 50 funds have an OCF which is below 1% before performance fees (the one exception is a property fund).

32. What is the impact of fund charges over time?

Take an investment of £10,000 over 20 years, which achieves returns of 6% a year before charges are applied. A lower charge makes a big difference, as seen by these final values:  

33. Watch out for Sipp charges too

If you are saving for a retirement in a Sipp (self-invested personal  pension), in addition to platform and transaction charges, you’ll also need to take heed of drawdown and withdrawal charges, as well as exit fees if you switch to a different provider.

34. Look into venture capital trusts (VCTs)

VCTs are funds that invest in startup companies in need of finance. Because the government wants these businesses to develop and thrive, it offers generous tax breaks to encourage investors. Hold a newly issued VCT for five years and you will get 30% income tax relief on investments up to £200,000 a year. You’ll also pay no capital gains tax, irrespective of how long you hold it.

35 Consider the enterprise investment scheme (EIS)

The EIS is a government scheme that enables you to buy shares in small or start-up firms and, like VCTs, offers generous tax breaks. You can invest up to £1 million in a year and get 30% income tax relief and pay no capital gains tax, but only if you hold it for at least three years.

36 Invest with care

Isas and pensions are no-brainers as far as tax planning is concerned, but the nature of the small and start-up VCT and EIS companies means they are very high risk and therefore only suited to wealthy investors who can afford sizeable losses.

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50 ways to boost your savings income: fixed-interest and property investing

50 ways to boost your savings income: fixed-interest and property investing

From switching current accounts to seeking out dividend-paying funds, Moneywise rounds up 50 top tips to boost your income by making your savings work harder for you.

Here are four ways to boost your savings using fixed-interest and property investing. See the our guide 50 ways to boost your savings income for the rest.

26. Use corporate bonds to generate an income

Corporate bonds are loans to companies. In return for your investment, you’re paid a fixed rate of interest. This is linked to the credit rating of the company you’re investing in – the greater the risk of default, the more it will pay. Moneywise recommends buying bond funds rather than purchasing individual bonds: it’s cheaper, you’ll be invested in a greater range of bonds and it will be managed on your behalf. Fidelity’s MoneyBuilder Income fund is recommended in the Moneywise First 50 funds.

27. Step up to strategic bonds

Low interest rates make life difficult for corporate bond fund managers. But strategic bond fund managers can invest in a greater array of fixed-interest investments, making it easier to increase yields for investors. Axa Framlington Managed Income won the Strategic Bond Fund category in the 2017 Moneywise Fund Awards.

28. Consider getting on the buy-to-let ladder

Residential property is a tangible investment for wannabe landlords, offering the tantalising combination of rising income and capital growth. Many investors have made a fortune in property, but it’s not easy; you need to choose the right property in the right location at the right price. Bear in mind that increasing rates of taxes on landlords, as well as the charges associated with letting property, will reduce your income, so always do your maths before you invest.

29. Earn an income from commercial property funds

A cheaper and lower-risk way of investing in property is to invest in commercial property funds that hold a number of properties across a range of sectors, from retail and entertainment to warehouses and industrial spaces. Commercial property funds are popular among income seekers who want better returns than cash and diversification away from shares. Property funds in the Moneywise First 50 Funds for Beginner Investors include Kames Property Income, Picton Property Income and F&C Commercial Property Trust.

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50 ways to boost your savings income: equity investing

50 ways to boost your savings income: equity investing

From switching current accounts to seeking out dividend-paying funds, Moneywise rounds up 50 top tips to boost your income by making your savings work harder for you.

Here are 13 ways to boost your savings using equity investing. See the our guide 50 ways to boost your savings income for the rest.

13. Use Stocks and Shares Isas

If you’re frustrated by returns on your Cash Isa and can afford to tie up your money for five, or ideally 10 years, it’s worth considering a Stocks and Shares Isa. You can invest up to £20,000 a year, tax free. Moneywise recommends buying funds that invest in a portfolio of shares on your behalf, rather than individual shares. It’s cheaper and you won’t have to make difficult decisions about when to buy and sell shares.

14. Try the ‘bring your lunch to work’ Isa

An easy way to boost your future income is to use your current income more wisely. Chances are that buying lunch at work is not a treat, more a habit. So make your lunch at home and invest the money you save. Number-crunchers at Fidelity found that investing £5 a day into a Stocks and Shares Isa would earn you £10,000 in seven years and three months. Over five years, you would still end up with an impressive £6,615. Ditch the takeaways for good and you could end up with £35,928 after 20 years.

Maike Currie, investment director for personal investing at Fidelity International, comments: “A common misconception is that you need large amounts of money to start investing. This simply isn’t true. You can quickly build up a sizeable pot by making some small sacrifices or lifestyle changes, such as saving on an Uber ride or bringing your own lunch to work.”

15. Earn from UK equity income funds

These funds focus on UK companies that pay strong and consistent dividends, which should ideally rise over time. This makes them ideal for income seekers. But if you are prepared to reinvest dividends, they can also make an excellent core holding for those who are more focused on growing their capital. Chelverton UK Equity Income is a Moneywise First 50 fund and was the winner of the UK equity income category in the Moneywise Fund Awards 2017. It aims to deliver a high and increasing income over time by investing in a reasonably small portfolio of medium-sized companies.

16. Look for equity income beyond the UK

There is a lot of crossover between UK equity income funds, and a large chunk of returns will come from a limited number of companies. For this reason, it can make sense to look beyond the UK. Gavin Haynes, managing director of investment management firm Whitechurch Securities, likes Newton Global Higher Income and Artemis Global Income, which is a Moneywise First 50 fund.

17. Explore investment trusts

This is another type of pooled investment, where a fund manager runs a portfolio of shares on your behalf. Unlike funds though, trusts are listed companies and as such, only a limited number of shares are available. This means their price is affected by supply and demand. They can also gear – that is, borrow to invest – in order to boost returns and are able to hold back 15% of their income to boost returns at a later date, a significant boon for income seekers.

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19. Diversify your income with a multi-asset fund

Offering instant diversification, multi-asset funds invest in cash, fixed interest and shares, making them ideal for investors who don’t want to go gung-ho into equities. Three sectors focus on this type of fund with gradually increasing levels of share exposure. At the lower end of the risk spectrum (0%-35% shares), Patrick Connolly, chartered financial planner at IFA Chase De Vere, tips Fidelity Multi Asset Income. In the 20%-60% sector, Sophie Kilvert, relationship manager at 7IM, likes Jupiter Merlin Income, while Mr Haynes suggests Royal London Sustainable World – a Moneywise First 50 fund – in 40%-85% shares.

20. Consider passive funds

One way to reduce costs is to use passive or tracker funds, where your fund tracks the performance of an index, such as the FTSE 100, rather than using a fund manager to actively select stocks. The regulator, the Financial Conduct Authority, says the average fund has an ongoing charge of 1.13%, but trackers can cost as little as 0.2% or even less.

21. Consider shares

Once you have a balanced portfolio of funds, some direct share holdings could give your investment income a boost, and if held within an Isa, will be paid tax free. You need to do your research, though, and not invest more than you can afford to lose. Pinning all your investment hopes on the back of one company is a risky strategy.

22. Invest in your employer

Around 500 British firms offer Save as You Earn (SAYE) schemes, giving you the option to buy discounted shares over a fixed period. At the end of that time, you can either buy the shares at the agreed price, or if they haven’t performed well, get your cash back. You also pay no income tax or national insurance on the difference between what you paid for the shares and their true value.

23. Ask about share incentives

Some companies reward staff with share incentive plans – your employer can pay you up to £3,000 in shares a year (often linked to your performance). You can pay up to £1,500 each year from pre-tax income, and for each share you buy your employer can give you a further two matching shares. Keep the shares for five years and no income tax, national insurance or capital gains tax will be liable when you sell.

24. Don’t trade too often

Respected fund manager Nick Train’s hallmark strategy is to buy quality shares and hold them for the long term without getting distracted by short-term ‘noise’. The technique has served the manager of the Finsbury Growth and Income Trust – a Moneywise First 50 fund – well, but amateur investors can benefit too. Trading costs money, so if you buy and sell too often you risk transaction charges eating into your returns or exacerbating any losses. Instead, do your research and only buy funds or shares you can commit to long term.

25. Don’t let your heart rule your head

You should never buy a share because you ‘like’ the company or invest in emerging markets because you had a great time travelling in those regions. Decisions about where to invest and when you buy and sell should be based on well-conducted research and analysis rather than a warm glow or a mild case of the jitters. Investing takes nerves and if you sell in panic at the first stock market wobble you may only crystallise your losses and miss out on future gains.

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50 ways to boost your savings income: peer-to-peer lending

50 ways to boost your savings income: peer-to-peer lending

From switching current accounts to seeking out dividend-paying funds, Moneywise rounds up 50 top tips to boost your income by making your savings work harder for you.

Here are four ways to boost your savings using peer-to-peer. See the our guide 50 ways to boost your savings income for the rest.

9. Become a lender

Lending to individuals via peer-to peer (P2P) lenders such as RateSetter and Zopa, in return for a fi xed rate of interest, is becoming an increasingly popular alternative to mainstream savings accounts. Zopa currently offers 4% a year on loans, while RateSetter offers 3.1% on rolling loans, rising to 3.7% on five-year plans. However, with P2P lending there’s no protection from the Financial Services Compensation Scheme (FSCS), so your capital is at risk.  Some lenders have provision funds or insurance to minimise risk if borrowers default, so check before taking the plunge.

10. Help business start-ups

Other P2P platforms specialise in loans to businesses, such as Funding Circle and Thin Cats, while Lendy offers loans to property developers. Projected returns for investors are higher than loans to individuals (Thin Cats promotes a rate of 7.8%), reflecting the greater risk.

11. Diversify to protect your income

As noted above, P2P platforms operate differently, so check whether you are lending to one individual or business or your money is being distributed between a number of borrowers. If the loans are not being diversified on your behalf, you may wish to spread the money you have to lend across a number of different borrowers to reduce your risk. You should also check if the loans are secured or unsecured.

12. Don’t pay any unnecessary tax

To ensure you don’t pay any unnecessary tax on your returns, you can hold P2P loans in the latest Isa to join the party, the Innovative Finance Isa (IF Isa). Most major P2P platforms now offer an IF Isa.

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50 ways to boost your savings income: cash savings

50 ways to boost your savings income: cash savings

From switching current accounts to seeking out dividend-paying funds, Moneywise rounds up 50 top tips to boost your income by making your savings work harder for you.

Here are eight ways to boost your cash savings. See the our guide 50 ways to boost your savings income for the rest.

1. Shop around for the best rates on savings accounts

It’s hard to get excited about savings rates, but with all of us needing somewhere to keep a ‘rainy day’ fund, it’s important to make sure you get the best deal and switch accounts when rates slide or better deals become available. At the time of writing, Shawbrook Bank paid a market-leading 1.25% on its easy-access Cash Isa.

2. Profit from Cash Isas

Although the personal savings allowance means basic-rate taxpayers can earn £1,000 from savings tax free (£500 for higher-rate taxpayers and nothing for additional-rate taxpayers), don’t rule out Cash Isas. They could spare you a future tax bill if your savings grow or you earn more than the tax-free threshold. The more you are earning and saving, the greater the argument for sticking with Isas. In 2018/19, the Isa allowance is £20,000. See this week’s best Cash Isa rates.

3. Cash in on home saver perks

If you are saving for a deposit on your first home, a Help to Buy Isa will boost your savings by 25%. That’s a £50 bonus for every £200 you save, up to a maximum bonus of £3,000. New kid on the Isa block, the Lifetime Isa (Lisa) pays a bonus of 25% on savings up to a maximum bonus of £32,000, so long as that money goes towards a first home, or your retirement. However, Lisas are only available to 18 to 39-year-olds.

4. Ditch the lottery for Premium Bonds

While nobody would recommend you keep all your savings in Premium Bonds as you don’t earn any interest, they can still be a fun way to diversify your savings portfolio. You can win between £25 and £1 million in monthly draws, and while the odds of winning anything are 24,500 to one for every £1 bond, your money is protected and you aren’t giving it up as you would if you bought a lottery ticket.

5. Seek out old savings plans

There’s £850 million lying unclaimed in lost bank accounts, according to the Money Advice Service. However, even if you no longer have the account details or the provider has merged or closed, you can still be reunited with lost cash. Contact My Lost Account on 020 3934 0329 or Mylostaccount.org.uk. All you need to do is enter your personal details and any account information you might have – you should get a response within 12 weeks.

6. Get cash back on your current account

For most of us, our current account is just a ‘dock’ for our money before we spend it or move it elsewhere. However, some accounts will boost your balance. The Santander 123 account pays 1% cashback on water and council tax bills, 2% on gas and electricity and 3% on mobile, landline, broadband and phone packages. It also pays 1.49% on balances up to £20,000, making it a good savings account too – though a £5 monthly fee applies. For more current account rewards, visit the Moneywise guide to the best current accounts.

7. Use a regular savings account

Good current accounts also offer access to great savings deals. Customers of banks such as First Direct, HSBC, Nationwide and M&S Bank can all earn 5% if they commit to a year of saving. Monthly contributions are capped – typically at £250, but First Direct lets its customers save up to £300 a month. See this week’s best savings accounts: Moneywise.co.uk/saving-banking/ savings-cash-isas/best-savingsrates-week.

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How We Frame Our Spending Choices – and How To Do It Better

I really love finding ways to save a dollar here and a dollar there. I buy store brands. I skip out on little treats all the time. I make a lot of meals at home. I make a lot of things myself. I usually make attempts at repairing things myself. I’ve made big lists of ways to trim your spending.

Yet, there’s an interesting counterpoint to that effort, not in the idea that frugality is somehow bad, but that it’s misdirected. A great summary of this perspective is in this New York Times article How to Pinch Pennies in the Right Places
. In that article, the author, Sendhil Mullainathan, points at a research study by Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky that people are more likely to put forth effort to save a high percentage on a very small price than the effort they’re willing to put out to save a small percentage on a big price.

It’s easy to see what they’re talking about if you put it in the form of a story.

Let’s say I’m at the store and I overhear someone whispering that the price on the $20 bag of dog food I’m looking at is $5 cheaper at a store that’s 10 minutes away. That’s a 25% savings!

On the other hand, let’s say I’m at the electronics store and I’m looking at a tablet that costs $500 and someone says that I can save 5% on that tablet by going to another store on the north side that’s 10 minutes away. 5%? Probably not worth my time.

The catch, of course, is that in the second story, I’d save $25 on that trip. In the first example, I only save $5. However, by percentage, the $5 I save in the first story seems like a bigger deal.

That’s because our minds constantly use framing to make comparisons easier for us. We constantly think of things in terms of percentages rather than raw dollars. A $1 coupon for a $5 item seems great, but saving $5 on a $500 item doesn’t seem as worthwhile to us. Why? Compared to $5, $1 seems like a lot; compared to $500, $5 doesn’t seem like much.

If you step back and look at this from a broader perspective, it’s obviously better to spend 2 minutes to save $10 than it is to spend 2 minutes to save $1, yet people will often do the opposite if it’s framed poorly. If you can save $1 on a $3 item, it looks enticing, while saving $5 on a $1,000 item doesn’t seem like a very big deal at all.

The idea of framing changes the game, at least to a degree, when it comes to frugality, and some different approaches are needed.

Framing Has No Impact on “Instant Frugality,” So Don’t Change Anything

Let’s start by looking at what isn’t affected by framing: “instant frugality.” By that, I mean frugal choices that don’t require any investment of time whatsoever, or a completely trivial investment of time.

When I’m at the store and I decide to buy the store brand version of an item rather than the name brand because I know the store brand does the job just as well, there is no time whatsoever invested in that decision. I’m simply making a choice to buy the less expensive option. That’s “instant frugality.”

When I’m driving along and I’m thinking about getting a coffee and I spy a coffee shop and choose not to stop there, there is no time whatsoever invested in that decision (in fact, it saves time). I’m simply making a choice to not buy anything. That’s also “instant frugality.”

“Instant frugality” choices are almost always good ones, regardless of how much you save. If you can save a dime in an instant, it’s worthwhile. There’s no “framing” involved in that decision at all.

So, my first suggestion for frugality with the issue of framing in mind is that frugal choices that involve no time or energy commitment, like choosing a lower priced item on the store shelf, are always good choices.

If You’re Making a Big Purchase, Do Your Homework Up Front

Whenever you’re spending a significant amount of money, you owe it to yourself to spend some time researching that expense. Are you really getting a good deal for that money? Are you buying the best “bang for the buck” version of that item? Are you finding the lowest price for that item?

Answering those questions can take some time. For most purchases above the $50 mark or so, I use a pretty standard method for researching those purchases.

First of all, I ask myself whether this purchase is a real need at all. Do I actually need this thing I’m considering buying? Or is there something else I can do to fulfill this need or desire? You’d be surprised how often spending some time thinking about a purchase in this fashion can change whether or not you buy anything at all.

Second, I narrow down the features I’m looking for. One feature that I almost always insist on is reliability. I’m not interested in flimsy items that will break if I’m going to be using this item with any regularity (and if I’m not… why am I buying it?). I usually identify a core set of features that I really care about and then, when I’m actually looking for an item that matches, I basically ignore the other features that don’t really matter to me. I’m not buying a car because it has a seat warmer, for example. I’m buying a car because it reliably gets me from point A to point B with reliability and good fuel efficiency. The presence or absence of a seat warmer is a non-factor in my purchasing decision.

Third, I identify a list of products that match the features I’m looking for. I usually do this by evaluating trusted product comparison tools like Consumer Reports. What do they suggest? What are their highest rated options that have the features I want? What is their “best buy” choice that has the features I want? This usually leaves me with several options for my purchase, all of which have the features I’m looking for. I usually have them ranked and will buy the highest one on the list unless I find an exceptional deal on one further down the list.

At this point, I start shopping for those options by price. I usually have a good idea of what I want and what the manufacturer’s suggested retail price is, so now I bargain hunt. I check lots of websites. I dig into forums. I’m simply seeking out a good deal on those items. If I can’t find a great deal on my top item, I start going down the list until I find one at a great price. I am generally willing to pay a little more for my #1 option and won’t choose other options unless there’s a nice discount – and that discount requirement gets bigger the further I go down the list.

This usually takes an hour or two for most purchases and several hours for others, but I find that in the end I wind up with a good item at a good price. To compare this to the story above where there’s a discount at another store, this process has generally already pointed me to the retailer with the best overall price so those situations rarely pop up for me.

All throughout this process, I’m usually still trying to talk myself out of the purchase. The most frugal strategy most of the time is to simply not buy something unless you actually need it. On big purchases that aren’t absolutely essential, I usually wait a while (often, at least 30 days) before officially deciding to buy because, quite often, my desire for that purchase will fade over time.

If you’re practicing frugality with framing in mind, it’s worth your time to actually do some research on major purchases. You’ll end up saving money on what you pay while winding up with the product that actually meets your needs the best. In other words, you create your own framing for big purchases.

Convert Everything Into Dollars and Cents

There are many situations where savings are framed in a way that makes it unclear what you’re actually saving. Savings will be expressed as a percentage, or in the terms of a sale (like “buy one get one free”), or in terms of a dollar amount without any context as to what the original price was (“$5 off!” doesn’t mean much if the original price was way too high).

All of these techniques are done by marketers to use framing against you. They want you to see the savings they’re offering as being as big as possible, regardless of whether the savings is actually worthwhile.

The best way I’ve found to fight back against that is to convert everything down to raw dollars and cents. This requires some math – having mental math skills is helpful, but almost everyone can use the calculator on their phone to do the same thing.

The goal is to always figure out exactly how much you’re going to pay per item and whether that’s actually a good deal. Figuring out the exact price usually just involves a bit of math. Remember that “buy one get one free” is actually just a 50% off sale – would you buy a single of that item if it were just 50% off? Convert it to dollars and cents and see if that purchase makes sense.

It’s worthwhile to use your phone as a comparison tool. What does the actual price of this item look like elsewhere? Amazon is always a good place to start, simply because they have many items for sale with reasonably competitive prices.

So, my third tip is to convert all prices and sales and discounts into dollars and cents, focus on the actual price you’ll pay, and make sure that price is fair.

Focus On Actual Dollars Saved Above All Else

If you’ve followed that third tip, you should be in the business of comparing the actual price you’ll pay at different retailers, with all of the sale tricks eliminated. How much money would you spend at this store? How much money would you spend on that same item at this other store?

If you have decided to buy and you’ve found that there’s a price difference, isolate that price difference. Nothing else matters than the price difference. Put everything in terms of the lowest price available to you, and then look at the options through that lens.

For example, you might be able to get an item at one store that’s 5 minutes away for $100, the store you’re standing in now for $105, and on Amazon for $102. Rather than looking at those prices, consider it a different way.

If you drive ten minutes round trip, it’ll cost you nothing. If you buy it here, right now, it’ll cost you $5. If you order it off of Amazon, you’ll wait a few days and it’ll cost you $2.

I use this trick because the reality is that the lowest price is a sunk cost. If I’ve already decided I’m buying the item, I’m spending that lowest cost no matter where I buy it, so that lowest cost doesn’t really matter any more, so I can just eliminate it from all options. All it does is shadow my actual decision, which is a decision to drive a bit to save $5 or order it online and wait a few days to save $3.

So, here’s my next tip: if you’re trying to decide among retailer options, subtract the lowest price available to you from all the options and look at just the extra costs from using certain retailers. Rather than thinking of it as spending $110 here versus spending $100 at another store, think of it as spending $10 here versus spending nothing at the other store. If you’ve already decided to buy the item, treat the lowest price as having already been covered and ignore that amount. That’ll help you make the decision as to where to buy it more rationally.

Start Comparing Different Things

The biggest value in all of this isn’t in comparing similar options, like whether to buy this exact item at Target or at Amazon. The biggest value in thinking of things in terms of raw dollars and your efforts is when you’re comparing all kinds of different things in your life.

The thing is, most frugality that isn’t “instant frugality” has a cost associated with it, usually in the form of time and energy. When you start looking at everything through that lens – I save $X by giving up Y minutes of my time and effort – you start to expose which things are really worthwhile and which things are not.

I often look at things through the lens of “is $5 worth ten minutes of effort?”. Most of the time, it is, so I’ll make time for it. If that’s true, though, then “is $200 worth a few hours of effort?” should also be an absolute yes. Where you need to say “no” is when you’re asking yourself “is $1 worth 20 minutes of effort?” That’s a firm no, and it’s only through thinking of everything in this way that you can start to discard the inefficient frugal choices and keep the efficient ones. In general, my threshold for frugal efficiency is that it needs to be saving me at least $10 per hour of effort, because that $10 is after tax and thus worth more than that in terms of income, unless there’s some additional reason to be doing this (maybe because I actually enjoy the task or something). Some people may have a higher threshold, and others may have a lower one, but you should always be considering your frugality through that lens.

Always think of frugality in terms of money saved versus time and effort invested. You can use that metric to compare all kinds of things – you can use it to compare cutting your cable bill to clipping coupons. Know what your threshold is, though – how much do you have to save for an hour of effort to make it worthwhile? Don’t bother with things that don’t save enough.

Make It Natural

The key to avoiding the framing of your spending choices is to make all of the tactics above a natural part of your spending habits. If you think this way naturally, then it starts to quickly become clear which frugal tactics are worth your time and which ones are not.

For me, it’s been a matter of conscious practice for a very long time. I’ve consciously made the effort to try to evaluate my frugal decisions through this lens over and over until it feels like the natural way to consider things. When I’m making buying decisions, I’m constantly flipping the dials in my head so that everything appears in terms of what I’ll actually save (or make) by doing things this way versus what I’ll actually save or make by doing things this other way, and then I choose the one that seems like the best value for me.

At first, this can seem slow and not worth the time. It can feel clunky to constantly turn to your calculator to make these kinds of comparisons, or to constantly stop and think through prices and choices.

Stick with it – trust me, it gets faster and faster until it feels like second nature. You’ll start to gain a natural sense of how to compare prices and how to decide whether investing effort is worthwhile, but this natural sense isn’t based on framing. It’s based on the raw dollars you’ll actually be saving versus the effort you put in.

Good luck!

The post How We Frame Our Spending Choices – and How To Do It Better appeared first on The Simple Dollar.



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